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Antiseptics ,Disinfectants

By , Dr Ekta Nigam, Dr. PRASHANT,. Antiseptics ,Disinfectants. INTRODUCTION. PRESENTATION ON VARIOUS ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS USED IN DAILY LIFE AND DESCRIBING ABOUT THEIR USES,ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES AND ADVERSE EFFECTS . ANTISEPTICS.

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Antiseptics ,Disinfectants

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  1. By , Dr Ekta Nigam, Dr. PRASHANT, Antiseptics ,Disinfectants

  2. INTRODUCTION • PRESENTATION ON VARIOUS ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS USED IN DAILY LIFE AND • DESCRIBING ABOUT THEIR USES,ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES AND ADVERSE EFFECTS.

  3. ANTISEPTICS • CHEMICALS FOE DESTRUCTION , INHIBITION OF MICROBES IN LIVING TISSUES. • PREVENT HARMFUL EFFECT OF INFECTION.

  4. DISINFECTANTS • CHEMICALS FOR DESTRUCTION,REMOVALOF MICROBES ON INANIMATE OBJECTS. • HAVE CONCENTRATION DEPENDENT ACTIONS. • GROWTH INHIBITING ,DIRECT LETHAL.

  5. IDEAL ANTISEPTICS : • CHEMICALLY STABLE. • NON-STAINING WITH AGREEABLE COLOR AND ODOUR. • CIDAL NOT STATIC,DESTROYS SPORES. • RAPID IN ACTION. • ACTIVE IN PRESENCE OF BLOOD, PUS,EXUDATES AND EXCRETA. • NON-IRRITATING TO TISSUES,SHOULD NOT DELAY HEALING. • NON ABSORBABLE,PRODUCE MINIMUM TOXICITY.

  6. MECHANISM OF ACTION: • OXIDATION OF BACTERIAL PROTOPLASM. • DENATURATION OF BACTERIAL PROTEINS AND ENZYME. • DETERGENT ACTION INCREASING PERMEABILITY OF BACTERIAL MEMBRANE.

  7. FACTORS MODIFYING ACTION • TEMPERATURE AND pH. • PERIOD OF CONTACT WITH MICROBES. • NATURE OF MICROBES INVOLVED. • SIZE OF INNOCULUM • PRESENCE OF BLOOD,PUS,OR ORGANIC MATTER.

  8. POTENCY: • PHENOL COEFFICIENT OR RIDEAL WALKER COEFFICIENT. • DEFINED AS RATIO OF MINIMUM CONC. OF TEST DRUG REQUIRED TO KILL A 24 HOUR CULTURE OF B.TYPHOMA IN 7.5 MINS AT 37.5 DEGREE CELSIUS TO THAT OF PHENOL.

  9. THERAPEUTIC INDEX: • COMPARES THE CONCENTRATION AT WHICH ANTISEPTICS ACTS ON MICROBES AND • CONCENTRATION AT WHICH IT PRODUCE LOCAL IRRITATION, TISSUE DAMAGE OR INTERFERE WITH HEALING.

  10. CLASSIFICATION : • PHENOL DERIVATIVES: PHENOL,CRESOL,RESORCINOL,CHLOROXYLENOL,HEXACHLOROPHENE. • .HALOGENS: IODINE,IODOPHORES,CHLORINE, CHLOROPHORES • BIGUANIDE:CHLORHEXIDINE • OXIDIZING AGENTS: POT.PERMAGNATE,HYDROGEN PEROXIDE,BENZOYL PEROXIDE

  11. QUATERNARY AMMONIUM (CATIONIC):CETRIMIDE,CETYLPYRIDINIUM CHLORIDE,BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE. • SOAPS:OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM. • ALCOHOLS: ETHANOL, ISOPROPANOL.

  12. ALDEHYDES:FORMALDEHYDE ,GLUTARALDEHYDE. • ACIDS: BORIC ACID,ACETIC ACID. • METALLIC SALTS: AMMONIATED MERCURY,ZINC SULFATE,CALAMINE,ZINC OXIDE , PHENYL MERCURIC NITRATE, SILVER SULFADIAZINE

  13. PHENOL DERIVATIVES: • PHENOL (CARBOLIC ACID): • WEAK AGENT,STATIC AT 0.2%,CIDAL AT>1%,POOR ACTIONS ON BACTERIAL SPORES. • PROTOPLASMIC POISON. • DENATURES BACTERIAL PROTEINS. • USES: DISINFECTION OF URINE,FAECES PUS,SPUTUM, ANTIPRURITIC PREPARATIONS. • ADVERSE EFFECTS: BUCCAL,ESOPHAGEAL,GASTRIC BURNS,RESPIRATORY PARALYSIS.

  14. CRESOL: • A METHYL PHENOL. • USES:DISINFECTION OF UTENSILS, EXCRETA,AND FOR WASHING HANDS. • CHLOROXYLENOL: • NON- CORROSIVE, NON-IRRITATING TO INTACT SKIN. • COMMERCIAL PREPARATION:DETTOL (4.8% SOLN)9% TERPINOL,13% ALCOHOL, 0.8% CREAM& SOAP,1.4% LUBRICATING OBSTETRIC CREAM. • USES:SURGICAL ANTISEPTICS

  15. HEXACHLOROPHENE: • POTENT CHLORINATED PHENOL. • INHIBIT BACTERIAL ENZYMES-BACTERIAL LYSINS. • ODOURLESS, NON-IRRITATING. • USES: ANTISEPTICS FOR SURGICAL SCRUB, TOILET PRODUCTS & DEODRANTS. • ADVERSE EFFECTS: STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS,BRAIN DAMAGE.

  16. OXIDIZING AGENTS: • POTASSIUM PERMAGNATE: • HIGHLY WATER SOLUBLE. • OXIDIZES BACTERIAL PROTOPLASM. • USES: 1:4000-1:10,000 SOLN (CONDY’S LOTION),FOR GARGLING,DOUCHING,IRRIGATING CAVITIES,DISINFECTION OF WATER, GASTRIC LAVAGE. • ADVERSE EFFECTS: BURNS,BLISTERING.

  17. BENZOYL PEROXIDE: • LIBERATE OXYGEN,KILLS ANAEROBIC,MICROAEROPHILIC BACTERIA. • KERATOLYTIC AND COMEDOLYTIC PROPERTIES. • USES:ACNE,ANTISEPTICS. • ADVERSE EFFECTS: BURNING, STINGING SENSATION,LOCALIZED ERYTHEMA,DRYNESS OF SKIN,SCALING EDEMA.

  18. HALOGENS: • IODINE: • RAPID ACTION,BROAD SPECTRUM • MICROBICIDAL AGENT, IODINATES AND OXIDIZES MICROBIAL PROTOPLASM. • USES:1. 1:20,000 , SOLN KILL VEGETATIVE FORM, 1.TINCTURE IODINE 2% FOR ALCOHOL 2.MANDEL’S PAINT 1.25% IN POT .IODIDE FOR SORE THROAT. 3.NON-STAINING IODINE OINTMENT :ANTISEPTICS,COUNTER IRRITANT. • ADVERSE EFFECTS: CORROSIVE,BURNS,BLISTERS, RASHES.

  19. IODOPHORES: • SOLUBLE COMPLEX OF IODINE. • RELEASE FREE IODINE. • USES: POVIDONE IODINE (POLYVINYL PYRROLIDONE),NON-IRRITATING,NONTOXIC,FOR BOILS,FURUNCULOSIS,BURNS,OTITIS EXTERNA, ULCER,VAGINITIS,SURGICAL SCRUBBING,DISINFECTION OF ENDOSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS.

  20. CHLORINE: • HIGHLY REACTIVE. • POTENT GERMICIDE. • USES: DISINFECTION OF URBAN WATER SUPPLIES. • CHLOROPHORES: • COMPOUND RELEASES HYPOCHLOROUS ACID. • TYPES:1.CHLORONATED LIME (BLEACHING POWDER) • USES: DISINFECTION OF DRINKING WATER,SWIMMING POOLS,SANITIZER FOR PRIVIES.

  21. 2.SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE SOLN: • USES:(4-6%)DISINFECTANT IN DAIRIES FOR MILK CANS,EQUIPMENTS,ANTISEPTIC,ROOT CANAL THERAPY. • 3.DAKIN SOLN: DILUTE SOD. HYPOCHLORITE BUFFERED WITH BORIC ACID. • 4.EUSOL: CHLORINATED LIME 1.25%+BORIC ACID. • USES:DISSOLVING PUS,BLOOD CLOTS,NECROTIC MATTER,CLEAN INFECTED WOUNDS • 5.CHLORAMINE-T: ORGANIC CHLOROPHORE • 6.HALAZONE:CHLORAMINE,AS SANITIZER

  22. BIGUANIDES: • CHLOROHEXIDIENE: • POWERFUL,NON-IRRITATING ANTISEPTICS. • DISRUPTS BACTERIAL CELL MEMBRANE. • ACTIVE AGAINST GRAM +VE. • USES: SURGICAL SCRUB,NEONATAL BATH,MOUTHWASH, OBSTETRICS& SKIN ANTISEPTICS.

  23. QUATERNARY AMMONIUM (CATIONIC ANTISEPTICS): • DETERGENTS, CIDAL TO BACTERIA,FUNGI & VIRUSES. • ALTER PERMEABILITY OF CELL MEMBRANE. • SOAP NEUTRALIZES ACTIONS, ALCOHOL POTENTIATES. • NON-IRRITATING,MILD KERATOLYTIC. • USES: SANITIZERS,ANTISEPTICS, DISINFECTANT FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENT,GLOVES.

  24. CETRIMIDE: • SOAPY POWDER WITH FAINT ,FISHY ODOUR. • USES: CLEANING DIRT,GREASE,TAR, CONGEALED BLOOD (ROAD ACCIDENTS),AS ANTISEPTIC IN HOSPITAL, DISINFECTANT FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, UTENSILS. • SOAPS: • ANIONIC DETERGENTS,WEAK ANTISEPTICS. • AFFECT GRAM + BACTERIA. • USED FOR CLEANSING ACTION.

  25. ALCOHOLS: • ETHANOL: • EFFECTIVE ANTISEPTIC • CLEANSING AGENT AT 40-90% CONC. • RAPIDITY OF ACTION INCREASES WITH INCREASE IN CONC. • IT PRECIPITATES BACTERIAL PROTEINS. • ADVERSE EFFECTS: BURNING SENSATION,INJURY,FORM COAGULUM FOR BACTERIAL GROWTH.

  26. ALDEHYDES: • FORMALDEHYDE: • DENATURES BACTERIAL PROTEINS. • PROTOPLASMIC POISON. • PRECIPITATES TOXOID OUT OF TOXINS. • USES:DISINFECTION OF INSTRUMENTS, EXCRETA,PRESERVATION OF DEAD TISSUES. • ADVERSE EFFECTS: ECZEMATOID REACTIONS. • GLUTARALDEHYDE: STERILIZING AGENT. • LESS IRRITATING ,LESS PUNGENT. • USES:DISINFECTION OF SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS,ENDOSCOPES.

  27. ACIDS : • BORIC ACID: BACTERIOSTATIC & WEAK ANTISEPTICS, NON IRRITATING. • USES:IRRIGATING EYES, MOUTHWASHES, 1.BOROGLYCERINE PAINT(30%)-STOMATITIS,GLOSSITIS. 2.BOROCIDE (10%): CUTS AND ABRASION, PRICKLY HEAT POWDERS,EAR DROPS,IRRIGATING BLADDER. • ADVERSE EFFECTS: VOMITING,ABDOMINAL PAIN, DIARRHOEA,VISUAL& KIDNEY DAMAGE. • ACETIC ACID:BACTERIOCIDAL – FOR BURN DRESSING.

  28. METALLIC SALTS: • MERCURY COMPOUNDS : • BACTERIOSTATIC, POOR ANTISEPTICS. • LOW THERAPEUTIC INDEX. • INACTIVATES SH-ENZYMES. • 1.AMMONIUM MERCURY: 5-10%OINTMENT,DERMATOPHYTOSIS, ANAL PRURITIS.

  29. 2.PHENYL MERCURIC NITRATE: • USES: IN TINEA REMEDIES,ANORECTAL PREPARATIONS, OTIC, OCULAR PREPARATIONS & PRESERVATIVES. • MERBROMIN: • BRIGHT RED, ORGANIC MERCURIAL. • NON-IRRITATING & LESS TOXIC. • USES: 1-2% FOR EYES AND SKIN.

  30. SILVER COMOUNDS: • ASTRINGENT &CAUSTIC. • REACT WITH -SH,-COOH,-PO4,-NH2 PROTEINS. • SHOWS OLIGO DYNAMIC ACTION: REDUCES Ag+ CONC. IN STORED WATER IN SILVER VESSEL.

  31. : • 2.SILVER NITRATE • RAPIDILY KILLS MICROBES. • FORMS SILVER PROTEINATE WITH TISSUE PROTEINS-TOXIC ACTION. • USES: HYPERTROPHIED TONSILITIS, APTHOUS ULCER. SILVER SULFADIAZINE: • HIGHLY ACTIVE. • USES: AS OINTMENT IN BURNS.

  32. ZINC SALTS: • ASTRINGENT & MILD ANTISEPTICS. • 1.ZINC SULFATE: WATER SOLUBLE. • DECREASES PERSPIRATION. • USES: EYE &EAR DROPS,EYE WASH, WHITE LOTION 4% (ZINC SULFATE+SULFATED POTASH)- FOR ACNE AND IMPETIGO. • 2.CALAMINE &ZINC OXIDE: INSOLUBLE • MILD ANTISEPTIC. • USES:DERMAL PROTECTIVES,ADSORBANTS.

  33. DYES: • 1.GENTIAN VIOLET (CRYSTAL VIOLET): • ROSANILINE DYE. • ACTIVE AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCI,GRAM +VE BACTERIA. • USES: ALCOHOLIC SOLN (0.5%) FOR FURUNCULOSIS, BED SORES, CHRONIC ULCERS,INFECTIVE ECZEMA THRUSH,RINGWORM. • BRILIANT GREEN :ROSANILINE DYE.

  34. ACRIFLAVIN AND PROFLAVIN: • ORANGE-YELLOW ACRIDINE DYES • ACTIVE AGAINST GRAM + VE BACTERIA &GONOCOCCI. • SENSITIVE TO LIGHT & LOSE EFFICACY. • USES:CHRONIC ULCERS,WOUNDS, BURN DRESSINGS, TRIPLE DYE LOTION-GENTIAN VIOLET 0.25%+BRILIANT GREEN 0.25%+ ACRIFLAVIN 0.1% FOR BURNS.DRESSING IN UMBILICAL STUMP IN NEONATES.

  35. FURAN DERIVATIVES: • CIDAL FOR GRAM +VE & GRAM –VE,AEROBIC &ANAEROBIC BACTERIA. • INHIBITS ENZYMES FOR CARBOHYDRATES METABOLISM. • EFFICACIOUS IN BURNS,SKIN GRAFTING.

  36. THANK YOU

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