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Food Security Concerns and Agricultural Policy: Their Environmental Implications for Indian Punjab

Food Security Concerns and Agricultural Policy: Their Environmental Implications for Indian Punjab. R.S. Sidhu. Issues. What are the changes in crop pattern? What is the relationship between production and procurement?

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Food Security Concerns and Agricultural Policy: Their Environmental Implications for Indian Punjab

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  1. Food Security Concerns and Agricultural Policy:Their Environmental Implications for Indian Punjab R.S. Sidhu

  2. Issues • What are the changes in crop pattern? • What is the relationship between production and procurement? • What are the implications of high growth in foodgrain production w.r.t. ground water resources and soil?

  3. Gross value of crop output at 2001-02 prices (Rs. crore) Source: Singh and Sidhu, 2004

  4. Cropping Pattern in Punjab (% of GCA)

  5. Inputs use pattern in Punjab

  6. Average use of inputs for wheat and rice in Punjab (Per ha)

  7. Source: Economic Survey, Government of India, various issues.

  8. Changes in consumption expenditure (Rs/capita for 30 days at 1980-81 prices) Source: NSS data.

  9. India Land reforms 1950s Public Investments on Irrigation Development Setting up of Agricultural Prices Commission and Food Corporation of India for procurement of foodgrains, 1965 Green Revolution, 1966-70 Land ceiling and distribution of surplus land, 1972 Integrated Rural Development Program, 1976- National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development, 1982 Setting up of RRBs Economic Reforms, 1991 Implementation of WTO agreement, 1995 Targeting of PDS, 1997 Doubling flow of Institutional Agricultural Credit, 2005 Encouraging Agro-processing, 2005 Expanding Micro Irrigation, 2005 Agricultural Market Reforms, 2005 Brief Contours of Agricultural Policy in India

  10. Growth and Variability in Output Prices

  11. Input and Output Prices Index for Wheat and Paddy in Punjab

  12. Agricultural subsidies in Punjab (Rs 10 millions) * as per calculations of Punjab State Electricity Regulatory Commission. Source: Economic Survey of India and Punjab, various issues.

  13. Realisation of cost and level of subsidy on power supply to agriculture

  14. Share of different crops/enterprises and other activities in the research budget of the University

  15. Growth and Variability in productivity of different crops in Punjab

  16. Increase in proportionate area of the central zone under water table depth of more than 10 meter In per cent

  17. Per cent area under different water table depths in central zone

  18. Ground Water Status in Punjab

  19. Rise/ fall in Water table • Sangrur 43  • Patiala 33  • Jalandhar 22  • Amritsar 18  • Kapurthala 17  • Faridkot 13  • Ludhiana 13  • Ropar 08  • Hoshiarpur-1 02  • Gurdaspur 02  • Hoshiarpur-2 05  • Mansa 09  • Ferozpur 17  • Bathinda 21 

  20. Average water table depth (m) in different zones

  21. N, P, K Status of Punjab Soils, 1981 through 2002(In per cent samples deficient)

  22. Deficiency of Micro nutrients in Punjab Soils(% samples deficient)

  23. In 1970s Wheat -Yellow and brown rust -Flag smut -Karnal bunt Rice: -Disease free Cotton: -Disease free Present Position Wheat: -New HYVs became susceptible to new races of brown rust -Flag smut minimized -Karnal bunt became wide spread -Other important diseases: head scab, leaf blight Rice: -Bacterial leaf blight major disease; -Other diseases: sheath blight, sheath rot, false smut, kernel smut Cotton: -Leaf curl virus of cotton Incidence of Diseases

  24. In 1970s Rice: -Pest free crop Cotton: -Cotton white fly was a minor pest -American cotton bollworm reported in localized areas Present Position Rice: -Yellow stem borer and leaf folder are key pests -Others important are white backed plant hopper and rice hispa Cotton: -Cotton white fly became key pest -American cotton bollworm became epidemic Incidence of insect-pests

  25. In 1970s Rice: -Echinocloa (swank) was predominant Wheat: -Broad leaf weeds and wild oats were predominant Present Position Rice: -Echinocloa is predominant -New weeds: Ischeamum ruzosum (kanaki), Ceasulia axillaris (ghrilla), Sphenochlea zylancia Wheat: -Phalaris minor is predominant and has become resistant to Isoproturon through continuous use -New weeds in some areas: Rumex spinosus (jangli palak), Medicago denticulata (Maina) Incidence of Weeds

  26. Share of Livestock in Agriculture (Rs crore at 1980/81 prices) The figures in parentheses in case of expenditure on milk and milk proucts represent percent of food expenditure.

  27. Factors affecting Milk Production

  28. Share of Livestock in NSDP of Primary Sector in different regions/districts (%)

  29. Determinants of Livestock Growth

  30. Thank You

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