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History of Robotics

History of Robotics. 10 th grade. Topics to be covered. Review Name Origin Brief History Laws of Robotics. Robot Parts. A robot can include any of the following components: effectors - "arms", "legs", "hands", "feet"

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History of Robotics

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  1. History of Robotics 10th grade

  2. Topics to be covered • Review • Name Origin • Brief History • Laws of Robotics

  3. Robot Parts • A robot can include any of the following components: • effectors - "arms", "legs", "hands", "feet" • sensors - parts that act like senses and can detect objects or things like heat and light and convert the object information into symbols that computers understand • computer - the brain that contains instructions called algorithms to control the robot • equipment - this includes tools and mechanical fixtures

  4. The Word Robot • The acclaimed Czech playwright, Karel Capek, made famous the word robot, the Czech word for forced labor or serf. Capek introduced the word in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots) first performed in Prague in January 1921. Capek's play presents a paradise where robot machines initially provide many benefits for humans, but in the end bring an equal amount of blight in the form of unemployment and social unrest.

  5. Timeline of robot [concept] • ~270BC an ancient Greek engineer named Ctesibus made organs and water clocks with movable figures. • 1818 - Mary Shelley wrote "Frankenstein" which was about a frightening artificial lifeform created by Dr. Frankenstein. • 1921 - The term "robot" was first used in a play called "R.U.R." or "Rossum's Universal Robots" by the Czech writer Karel Capek. The plot was simple: man makes robot then robot kills man! • 1941 - Science fiction writer Isaac Asimov first used the word "robotics" to describe the technology of robots and predicted the rise of a powerful robot industry.

  6. Timeline of robot [concept] • 1942 - Asimov wrote "Runaround", a story about robots which contained the "Three Laws of Robotics": • A robot may not injure a human, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. • A robot must obey the orders it by human beings except where such orders would conflic with the First Law. • A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict withe the First or Second Law. • 1948 - "Cybernetics", an influence on artificial intelligence research was published by Norbert Wiener. British robotics pioneer William Grey Walter invented robots Elmer and Elsie that mimic lifelike behavior using very simple electronics. • George Devol and Joe Engleberger invent the first programmable robot arm and coined the phrase Universal Automation for the first time.

  7. Timeline of robot [concept] • 1956 - George Devol and Joseph Engelberger formed the world's first robot company. Squee, the electronic robot squirrel invented. • 1959 - Computer-assisted manufacturingg was demonstrated at the Servomechanisms Lab at MIT. • 1961 - The first industrial robot was online in a General Motors automobile factory in New Jersey. It was called UNIMATE. • 1963 - The first artificial robotic arm to be controlled by a computer was designed. The Rancho Arm was designed as a tool for the handicapped and it's six joints gave it the flexibility of a human arm.

  8. Timeline of robot [concept] • 1965 - DENDRAL was the first expert system or program designed to execute the accumulated knowledge of subject experts. • 1968 - The octopus-like Tentacle Arm was developed by Marvin Minsky. • 1969 - The Stanford Arm was the first electrically powered, computer-controlled robot arm. • 1970 - Shakey was introduced as the first mobile robot controlled by artificial intellence. It was produced by SRI International. • 1974 - A robotic arm (the Silver Arm) that performed small-parts assembly using feedback from touch and pressure sensors was designed.

  9. Three Laws of Robotics • Asimov is generally credited with the popularization of the term "Robotics" which was first mentioned in his story "Runaround" in 1942. But probably Issac Asimov's most important contribution to the history of the robot is the creation of his Three Laws of Robotics:

  10. First Law • A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.

  11. Second Law • A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.

  12. Third Law • A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.

  13. Zeroth Law • Asimov later adds a "zeroth law" to the list:Zeroth law: A robot may not injure humanity, or, through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm.

  14. Next Class • Research project

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