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Paryushana and Kalpa Sutra

Paryushana and Kalpa Sutra. Pravin K. Shah Jain Study Center of North Carolina Jaina Education Committee 509 Carriage Woods Circle Raleigh, NC 27607-3969 Website: www.jainelibrary.org e-mail: jainaedu@gmail.com. Paryushana Parva. Paryushana word is composed of

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Paryushana and Kalpa Sutra

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  1. Paryushana and Kalpa Sutra Pravin K. Shah Jain Study Center of North Carolina Jaina Education Committee 509 Carriage Woods Circle Raleigh, NC 27607-3969 Website: www.jainelibrary.org e-mail: jainaedu@gmail.com

  2. Paryushana Parva • Paryushana word is composed of • Pari (Upasarga) + Vas (Dhatu) is joined with Ana (Pratyaya) • To come together from all direction • Parva • Religious / Spiritual activity celebrated together • Simple meaning • People coming together for religious activity • Religious • Bring all your external thoughts inward to reflect upon your soul

  3. Various names of Paryushana • Pariyay_vatthna • Pajjo_samana • Pagaiya • Parivasna • Pajjusana • Vasavas • Padhm_samosaran • Thavana • Jatthoggaha

  4. Five Activities of Paryushana • Jiv_daya (Amaripravartan) • Humanitarian Activity (SadharmikVatslya) • Forgiveness (Kshamapana) • Penance - Fasting for three days (Aththama tap) • Shold be pure and pious (no Shalya - Maya, Niyanu, and Mithyatva) • Spreading of Religious principles (Chaityapati)

  5. Meaning of Kalpa_Sutra • Kalpa means an activity which enhances • Religious knowledge (Jnan) • Conduct (Charitra, Shila) • Self control (Penance or Tap) • Sutra means a Scripture • Kalpa_sutra is a scripture which describes: How to enhance our Jnan, Charitra, and Tap

  6. Kalpa_Sutra.. Status • Kalpa_sutra • Kalpa_sutra is the ninth chapter of a religious scripture called Dashasrut_skandh • Dashasrut_skandh is one of the book of Chheda_sutras • Chheda_sutras are classified as Ang_bahyaAgam sutras • Author • AcharyaBhadrabahu_swami (last Acharya who had the knowledge of 14 purvas) • Basis • Ninth Purva - Pratyakhan_pravad

  7. Kalpa_Sutra... First Reading • First Reading • Jain monks recited in Anandpur in the courtyard of king Dhruvasen • To comfort the king for the sudden demise of his son • Time period • There are three king Dhruvasen • 519 to 549 AD • 627 to 642 AD • 650 to 654 AD

  8. Topics • Life Stories of Tirthankaras • Mahavir_swami • Parshva_natha • Nemi_natha • Rhushabha_dev • Time Period of 24 Tirthankars • Life Stories of Acharyas (Sthaviravali) • Ganadhara_charitra • Jambu_swami • Bhadrabahu_swami • Sthulibhadra ........ To …… • Devardhigani

  9. Topics.. • Rules for Monks (Samachari) • Rules of Staying during monsoon (Varshavas_kalpa) • Rules of Begging (Bhikshachar_kalpa) • Rules for Removal of hair (Keshlocha_kalpa) • Forgiveness (Kshamapana)

  10. Kalpa_Sutra Reading • First Three Days (Shravan vad 12 to 14) • Preparatory Days • Explanation of six Ashtahnikas Parva • Duties of Laypeople (Shravak) • Twelve vows of Laypeople • 4th Day (Shravan vad 15 - Amas) • Kalpa_sutraReading Begins • Mahavir's descend, Devanandi Brahmin's 14 dreams (Morning session) • 27 past lives, Transfer of fetus to Trishala (Afternoon session)

  11. Kalpa_Sutra Reading (continued) • 5th Day (Bhadarvashud 1) • Trishala's 14 dreams (Morning) • Birth of Lord Mahavir (Afternoon) • 6th Day (Bhadarvashud 2) • Birth celebration, Childhood, Education, Marriage, Renunciation -Diksha (Morning) • Various Upasargas, Keval Jnan, and Gadharavad (Afternoon) • 7th Day (Bhadarvashud 3) • Life stories of remaining 23 Tirthankaras (Morning) • Sthaviravali, Life stories of Acharyas, Samachari (Afternoon) • 8th Day (Bhadarvashud 4) • Recitation of Original text - 1200 sutras (Morning) • Samvatsari Pratikraman (Evening)

  12. 27 Past Lives of Lord Mahavir 01 Human Nayasar 02 Heaven First Saudharama_devlok 03 Human Marichi (Grandson of Rushabha_dev) 04 Heaven Fifth Brahamlok 05 Human Brahman (city - Kolak_sannivesh) 06 Human Brahman (city - Sthana_nagari) 07 Heaven First Saudharama_devlok 08 Human Brahman-Agniyot (Chaitya_sannivesh) 09 Heaven Second Ishan_devlok 10 Human Brahman-Agnibhuti (Mandar_sannivesh) 11 Heaven Third Sanatkumar_devlok 12 Human Brahman-Bharadvaj 13 Heaven Fourth Mahendra_devlok 14 Human Brahman-Sthavr (City - Rajgrahi)

  13. 27 Past Lives of Lord Mahavir....... 15 Heaven Fifth Brahamlok_devlok 16 Human Vishva_bhuti (took Diksha) 17 Heaven Seventh Mahashukra_devlok 18 Human TripushthaVasudev (King Prajapati/Mrugavati) 19 Hell Seventh Hell 20 Animal Lion 21 Hell Fourth Hell 22 Human Lived a pious life 23 Human Praya_mitra Chakravarti (Mahavideh) (King Dhananjay/Dharini - took Diksha) 24 Heaven Seventh Mahashukra_devlok 25 Human Prince - Nandan (King Jitshatru/Bhadradevi - took Diksha) 26 Heaven Tenth Prani_devlok 27 Human Mahavir_swami

  14. Penances of Lord Mahavir Fasting 6 Months - 1 Fasting 5 Months 25 Days - 1 Fasting 4 Months - 9 Fasting 3 Months - 2 Fasting 2.5 Months - 2 Fasting 1.5 Months - 6 Fasting 1 Month - 12 Fasting 15 Days - 72 Bhadra Pratimadin - 2 Maha_BhadraPratimadin - 4 Sarvato_BhadraPratimadin - 10 Fasting 3 Days - 12 Fasting 2 Days - 229 Fasting 1 Day - 1 Parana Days (Food - One meal) - 349 Chhadmastha duration - 12 years 6 months 15 days

  15. Doubts of Ganadhara • 1. Indrabhuti Gautam • Soul exists or not • 2. Agnibhuti • Karma exists or not • 3. Vayubhuti • Body is Soul or both are different • 4. Vyakta • Five elements (air, earth, space, fire, water) exist or not • 5. Saudharma • In the next life, humans are reborn as humans or not

  16. Doubts of Ganadhara (continued) • 6. Mandit • Bondage and separation of karma exist or not • 7. Maurya_putra • Dev (heavenly beings) exist or not • 8. Akampit • Hell exist or not • 9. Achalbhrata • Punya and Pap exist or not • 10. Metarya • Next Life exist or not • 11. Prabhas • Moksha exist or not

  17. Characteristics of People • First Tirthankar • Understanding - Difficult (Jad) • Implementation - Simple (Rhuju) • 22 Tirthankaras (2nd to 23rd) • Understanding - Proper (Prajna) • Implementation - Proper (Rhuju) • Last Tirthankar • Understanding - Difficult (Jad) • Implementation - Selfish (Vakra)

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