1 / 40

WMA Declaration of Helsinki - Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects

WMA Declaration of Helsinki - Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects.

heath
Download Presentation

WMA Declaration of Helsinki - Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. WMA Declaration of Helsinki - Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Adopted by the 18th WMA General Assembly, Helsinki, Finland, June 1964and amended by the:29th WMA General Assembly, Tokyo, Japan, October 197535th WMA General Assembly, Venice, Italy, October 198341st WMA General Assembly, Hong Kong, September 198948th WMA General Assembly, Somerset West, South Africa, October 199652nd WMA General Assembly, Edinburgh, Scotland, October 2000 53rd WMA General Assembly, Washington, DC, USA, October 2002(Note of Clarification on paragraph 29 added)55th WMA General Assembly, Tokyo, Japan, October 2004(Note of Clarification on Paragraph 30 added)59th WMA General Assembly, Seoul, Korea, October 2008

  2. 1. Deklaracijata od Helsinki e proglas na eti~ki principi za medicinski istra`uvawa koi involviraat lu|e, vklu~uvaj}i i istra`uvawa na biolo{ki materijal i podatoci dobieni od lu|e. Sozdadena od The World Medical Association (WMA) 2. Primarno se odnesuva na lekari istra`uva~i, no treba da bide prifatena i od u~esniite vo medicinskite istra`uvawa. 3. Dol`nost na lekarot e da go promovira i ~uva zdravjeto na pacientite, vklu~uvaj}i go i toa na u~esnici vo medicinski istra`uvawa.Za toa odgovara so svoeto znaewe i sovest.

  3. 4. Deklaracijata od @eneva na WMA gi obvrzuva doktorite so zborovite “Zdravjeto na mojot pacient }e mi bide prva gri`a" a Internacionalniot kod na medicinska etika objavuva deka “Doktorot treba da dejstvuva vo interes na pacientot koga pru`a medicinska pomo{“ 5. Medicinskiot napredok e baziran na istra`uvawa {to mora da vklu~at studii na ~ove~ki subjekti. 6. Vo medicinskite ista`uvawa {to involviraat ~ove~ki subjekti dobrobitot na sekoj itra`uvan subjekt mora da dominira nad sekoj drug interes.

  4. 7. Pri~ini za medicinski istra`uvawa na lu|e da se razberat pri~ini za bolestite, da se razbere tekot na bolesta da se podobri prevencija da se podobri dijagnostika da se podobri terapiski priod (metodi, proceduri) da se evaluira bezbednost, efektivnost, efikasnost, dostapnost i kvalitet na intervenciite 8. Pri medisinckite istra`uvawa, pove}eto intervencii vklu~uvaat rizici i neprijatnosti za u~esnicite 9. Medicinskite istra`uvawa podle`at na eti~ki standardi. Mora da se po~ituvaat site ~ove~ki subjekti, da se za{titat nivnoto zdravje i drugite prava.

  5. Odredeni populacii se osobeno vulnerabilni i baraat posebna za{tita (Lica koi ne mo`at da dadat ili odbijat pristanok ili se pod silno vlijanie) - Deca - Mentalno hendikepirani - Zatvorenici - Psihijatriski bolni Lekarite mora da gi po~ituvaat eti~kite, pravnite i regulatornite normi vo svojata zemja, no i internacionalnite normi i standardi. No, niedna od niv ne smee da ja zagrozi za{titata na pacientite predvidena so Helsin{kata deklaracija.

  6. PRINCIPI ZA CELOKUPNOTO MEDICINSKO ISTRA@UVAWE • Dol`nost na lekarot koj sproveduva medicinsko istra`uvawe e da go za{titi `ivotot, zdravjeto, dignitetot, integritetot, pravoto na odlu~uvawe, privatnosta i doverlivosta na informacijata na istra`uvanite subjekti. • Medicinskoto istra`uvawe mora da bide bazirano na vnimatelno istra`uvawe na dostapnata nau~na literatura, drugi relevantni izvori na informacii, kako i na prethodni laboratoriski ispituvawa i ispituvawa na `ivotni. Pritoa principite za eksperimenti vrz `ivotni treba da se po~ituvaat. • Da se posveti vnimanie pri istra`uvawa koi ja zagrozuvaat okolinata.

  7. Dizajniraweto i izveduvaweto na sekoja istra`uva~ka studija vrz lu|e mora da bide jasno prika`ana vo istra`uva~kiot protokol. • Protokolot mora da sodr`i: • Koi eti~ki aspekti se vklu~eni vo studijata i kako se tie adresirani. • Informacija za finansiraweto, sponzorite, • Instituciite kade }e se izveduva istra`uvaweto, • Potencijalni konflikti na interes, • Provizija za lekuvawe i/ili kompenzirawe na subjektite na koi im e nanesena {teta pri istra`uvaweto. • Aran`mani za dostapnost na subjektite na intervencii koi se poka`ale kako dobri so studijata

  8. Istra`uva~kiot protokol mora da bide podnesen za razgleduvawe, komentari, predlozi i odobruvawe na eti~ki komitet pred da otpo~ne studijata. Komitetot mora da e nezavisen od istra`uva~ot, sponzorot i drugi vlijanija. Eti~kiot komitet treba: Da gi zeme predvid zakonite i regulativata vo zemjata ili zemjite kade }e se sproveduva istra`uvaweto, no ne smee da dozvoli konflikt so Helsin{kata deklaracija. Mora da ima pravo da gi monitorira studiite. Istra`uva~ot mora da obezbedi informacii za monitoring, osobeno informacii za koj bilo seriozen strani~en nastan. Mora da odobri koja bilo promena na protokolot.

  9. Medicinsko istra`uvawe koe involvira lu|e mo`e da bide sproveduvano samo od lica so soodveten nau~en trening i kvalifikacii. Istra`uvawe vrz pacienti ili zdravi dobrovolci bara supervizija od kompetentni i soodvetno kvalifikuvani doktori ili drugi zdravstveni rabotnici. Odgovornosta za za{tita na istra`uvanite subjekti sekoga{ e na doktorot ili drugite zdravstveni rabotnici, a nikoga{ na subjektite iako tie dale pristanok za u~estvo vo studijata.

  10. Медицinskite istra`uvawa vrz vulnerabilnite populacii ili zaednici e opravdano samo ako e vo vrska so zdravstvenite potrebi i prioriteti na tie populacii ili zaednici i ako ima verojatnost deka taa populacija ili zaednica }e ima benefit od rezultatite na istra`uvaweto.

  11. Sekoe medicinsko istra`uvawe koe involvira lu|e mora da bide bazirano na prethodna vnimatelna procena za predvidlivite rizici i te{kotii za involviranite subjekti vo soodnos so predvidlivite benefiti za niv ili drugi individui ili zaednici zasegnati od istra`uvanata kondicija. Sekoja klini~ka studija mora da bide registrirana vo javna dostapna baza na podatoci pred regrutiraweto na prviot subjekt (EMEA). Lekarite ne smeat da u~estvuvaat vo istra`uva~ka studija vrz lu|e ako ne se sigurni deka rizicite se soodvetno proceneti i deka mo`at sodvetno da se zgri`at. Lekarite mora vedna{ da ja stopiraat studijata koga }e se vidi deka rizicite ja nadminuvaat potencijalnata korist ili koga }e ima dokaz za pozitivni ili korisni rezultati.

  12. U~estvoto na kompetentni lica kako subjekti vo medicinsko istra`uvawe mora da bide dobrovolno. Iako bi mo`elo da se konsultiraat ~lenovi od familijata, niedna kompetentna individua ne mo`e da se vklu~i vo istra`uvawe ako slobodno ne se soglasi. Mora da bidat prezemeni site predostro`nosti da se za[titi privatnosta na subjektot vo istra`uvaweto i doverlivosta na li~nata informacija kako i da se minimizira vlijanieto na studijata vrz nivnata fizi~ki, mentalen i socijalen integritet. Vo medicinskite istra`uvawa sekoj potencijalen subjekt-u~esnik mora da bide soodvetno informiran za celite, metodite, finansiraweto, konfliktite na interes, instituciite od kade e istra`uva~ot, predvidlivite benefiti i potencijalnite rizici, nelagodnostite i drugi aspekti.

  13. Potencijalniot subjekt mora da se informira deka ima pravo da odbie da u~estvuva ili da go povle~e potvrdenoto u~estvo vo koe bilo vreme bez obrazlo`enie. Po utvrduvaweto deka potencijalniot subjekt ja razbral informacijata, lekarot ili drug soodvetno kvalifikuvan u~esnik na istra`uva~kiot tim mora da pobara od nego slobodno dadena informirana soglasnost (informed consent), najdobro pismeno. Dokolku soglasnosta ne mo`e da bide izrazena vo pismena forma, nepi{ana soglasnost mora formalno da bide dokumentirana i posvedo~ena. Za medicinski istra`uvawa kade se koristi ~ove~ki materijal ilipodatoci koi mo`at da se identificiraat , istra`uva~ite moraat da baraat dozvola za sobirawe, analiza, skladirawe и/ili povtorna upotreba. Zatoa e najdobro vo proektot da se predvidi vakva mo`nost.

  14. Koga se bara informirana soglasnost za u~estvo vo istra`uva~ka studija, lekarot treba da e osobeno vnimatelen ako potencijalniot subjekt e vo zavisna pozicija od nego ili dava soglasnost pod stres. Vo takva situacija informiranata soglasnost treba da ja zema druga soodvetno trenirana individua koja e nezavisna. Za potencijalen subjekt koj e nekompetenten, mora da se bara informirana soglasnost od legalno avtoriziran pretstavnik.Vakvi lica ne smeat da bidat vklu~eni vo istra`uvawe koe nema izgledi da bide korisno za niv osven ako ima cel da se promovira zdravjeto na populacija pretstavena od potencijalniot subjekt, ispituvaweto ne mo`elo da bide izvedeno so kompetentni lica, a rizikot i nelagodnostite se minimalni.

  15. Koga potencijalen istra`uva~ki subjekt koj se smeta nekompetenten e sposoben da dade pristanok za odluki vo vrska so u~estvoto za istra`uvawe, lekarot mora da pobara pristanok pokraj informiranata soglasnost na legalno avtoriziran pretstavnik. Dokolku nema pristanok od subjektot, toa treba da se po~ituva. Istra`uvawa vrz lica koi se fizi~ki ili mentalno nesposobnida dadat soglasnost, na primer pacienti vo nesvesna sostojba, mo`at da se sproveduvaat samo ako fizi~kata ili mentalnata sostojba koja prevenira da dadat informirana soglasnost e neophodna karakteristika za istra`uvanata populacija.

  16. Vo takva situacija, informirana soglasnost se bara od legalno avtoriziran pretstavnik. Ako takov nema a ako istra`uvaweto ne mo`e da se odlo`i, studijata mo`e da prodol`i bez informirana soglasnost pod uslov sostojbata vo koja se nao|asubjektot da e opi{ana vo istra`uva~kiot protokol i toj dobil dozvola od eti~kiot komitet. Soglasnost da ostane vo studijata treba da se dobie kolku e mo`no pobrgu od legalno avtoriziran pretstavnik na subjektot. Ako takov nema a ako istra`uvaweto ne mo`e da se odlo`i, studijata mo`e da prodol`i bez informirana soglasnost pod uslov sostojbata vo koja se nao|a subjektot da e opi{ana vo istra`uva~kiot protokol i toj dobil dozvola od eti~kiot komitet. Soglasnost da ostane vo studijata treba da se dobie kolku e mo`no pobrgu od legalno avtoriziran pretstavnik na subjektot.

  17. Avtorite, urednicite i izdava~ite imaat eti~ki dol`nosti pri objavuvaweto na rezultatite od istra`uvawata. Avtorite imaat dol`nost da gi objavat rezultatite od nivnoto istra`uvawe vrz lu|e i se odgovorni za seopfatnosta i to~nosta na rezultatite. Tie treba da se prid`uvaat kon prifatenite upatstva za eti~ko prika`uvawe. Negativnite, nekonkluzivnite kako i pozitivnite rezultati treba da se objavat ili na drug na~in da stanat javno dostapni. Izvorite na finansirawe, instituciite i konfliktot na interesi treba da bidat objaveni vo publikacijata. Izve{tai za istra`uvawe koi ne se vo soglasnost so principite na Helsin{kata deklaracija ne treba da bidat prifateni za publikacija.

  18. C.  DOPOLNITELNI PRINCIPI ZA MEDICINSKI ISTRA@UVAWA KOMBINIRANI SO MEDICINSKA GRI@A Lekarot mo`e da kombinira medicinsko istra`uvawe so medicinsko zgri`uvawe samo ako istra`uvaweto e opravdano so potencijalna preventivna, dijagnosti~ka ili terapevtska vrednost и ako lekarot ima dobra pri~ina da veruva deka u~estvoto vo istra`uva~kata studija nema da go zasegne zdravjeto na pacientite koi sluќжжat kako sibjekti za istra`uvawe.

  19. Benefitot, rizicite, naporot i efektivnosta na novata intervencija mora da bidat testirani vo sporedba so najdobrata aktuelna doka`ana intervencija, osven vo slednive situacii: Upotreba na placebo, ili nikakov tretman e prifatlivo vo studii kade nema doka`ana efikasna intervencija Kade zaradi jasni i nau~no potvrdeni metodolo{ki pri~ini upotrebata na placebo e neophodna za da se utvrdi efikasnost ili bezbednost na intervencija, a pacientite koi primaat placebo ili se bez terapija ne se pod rizik za seriozno ili ireverzibilno da bidat zagrozeni. Ovaa opcija treba da se koristi isklu~itelno retko.

  20. Na krajot od studijata, vklu~enite pacienti imaat pravo da bidat informirani za ishodot na studijata i da gi spodelat benefitite ili rezultatite {to proizleguvaat od nea, kako na primer dostapnost do intervenciite identifikuvani kako korisni vo studijata ili do druga soodvetna nega.

  21. Lekarot mora da go informira pacientot koi aspekti na medicinskata gri`a se vo vrska so istra`uvaweto. Odbivaweto na pacientot da u~estvuva vo studijata ili odluka da se povle~e od studijata nikoga{ ne smee da ima vlijanie vrz odnosot lekar-pacient. Pri tretmani na pacienti za koi ne postojat doka`ani intervencii ili istite se neefikasni, lekarot, posle barawe ekspertski sovet, so informirana soglasnostod pacientot ili od legalno avtoriziran zastapnik, mo`e da upotrebi nedoka`ana intervencija ako, spored negovata procenka taa dava nade` da se spasi `ivotot, da se vozvrati zdravjeto, ili da se olesni stradaweto. Koga e mo`no, vakva intervencija treba da bide objekt na istra`uvawe, dizajnirano za evaluirawe na bezbednosta i efikasnosta. Vo site slu~ai, novata informacija treba da bide zabele`ena, i koga e soodvetno, da stane javno dostapna.

  22. The 13 Principles of ICH GCP

  23. IEC G C Subject Sponsor Investigator P What is GCP? ICH GCP is an ethical and scientific quality standard for conducting clinical trials to facilitate global acceptance of clinical trial data. Credibility of data Safety of trial subjects Rights of trial subjects Accuracy of data Well-being of trial subjects The 13 Principles of ICH GCP

  24. ICH GCP Principle 1 • Clinical trials should be conducted in accordance with the ethical principles that have their origin in the Declaration of Helsinki, and that are consistent with GCP and the applicable regulatory requirement(s). • First consideration is the health, privacy, dignity and interest of the trial subject. • Requirement of special attention and protection if vulnerable research populations (minor, elderly …) are involved. • Awareness of local and global ethical, legal, and regulatory requirements. • Publication of negative as well as positive result. The 13 Principles of ICH GCP

  25. ICH GCP Principle 2 • Before a trial is initiated, foreseeable risks and inconveniences should be weighed against the anticipated benefit for the individual trial subject and society. A trial should be initiated and continued only if theanticipated benefits justify the risks. • Documentation of all adverse events (AE). • Reporting of all serious adverse events (SAEs) within 24 hours to the sponsor. • Consideration of all available data/information (pharmaceutical, non-clinical, clinical) for benefit/risk assessment. • Information of all involved parties in case of new benefit/risk assessment. The 13 Principles of ICH GCP

  26. ICH GCP Principle 3 • The rights, safety, and well-being of the trial subjects are the most important considerations and should prevail over interests of science and society. • Adequate information about the trial. • Right to withdrawal at any time without giving any reason. • Guarantee of medical care during and after the trial. • Confidentiality of data. The 13 Principles of ICH GCP

  27. ICH GCP Principle 4 • The available non-clinicaland clinicalinformation on an investigational product should be adequate to support the proposed clinical trial. • Proven scientific rationale for the clinical trial. • Sufficient supporting data. • No duplication of trials. The 13 Principles of ICH GCP

  28. ICH GCP Principle 5 • Clinical trials should be scientifically sound, and described in aclear, detailed protocol. • Availability of a clear, detailed clinical trial protocol. • All staff involved should know (for them) relevant passages of the trial protocol. The 13 Principles of ICH GCP

  29. ICH GCP Principle 6 • A trial should be conducted in compliance with the protocol that has received prior institutional review board and/or independent ethics committee approval/favourable opinion. • No start of a clinical trial without EC (and regulatory authority) approval. • Approval of any substantial amendments before implementation. • Adherence to the protocol by all staff involved. • Documentation of and rationale for any deviations from the protocol. The 13 Principles of ICH GCP

  30. ICH GCP Principle 7 • Medical care given to, and medical decisions made on behalf of, subjects should always be the responsibility of a qualified physician or, when appropriate, of a qualified dentist. • Informed consent procedure to be done by a physician. • Assessment of inclusion and exclusion criteria by a physician. • Change of dosage, co-medication etc. by a physician. • Medical care must be ensured during and after the clinical trial. The 13 Principles of ICH GCP

  31. ICH GCP Principle 8 • Each individual involved in conducting a trial should be qualified by education, training, and experience to perform his or her respective task(s). • Actual, short, signed, dated CV to document training, education and experience. • Information of site staff (incl. pharmacists, receptionists etc.) about the clinical trial and their tasks. • Documentation of split of responsibilities (date, signature). The 13 Principles of ICH GCP

  32. ICH GCP Principle 9 • Freely given informed consent (IC) should be obtained from every subject prior to clinical trial participation. • No pressure, no coercion. • Discussion of all aspects of the clinical trial. • Ample time for consideration. • Written informed consent (date, signature by trial subject and physician who did consent procedure). • Written informed consent prior to any trial related activities. The 13 Principles of ICH GCP

  33. ICH GCP Principle 10 • All clinical trial information should be recorded, handled, and stored in a way that allows its accurate reporting, interpretationandverification. • Definition of source documents (e.g. Post-it or section of the CRF if defined in the protocol). • English, no abbreviation, readable, timely recording. • Correction of data. • Maintenance of the investigator trial file (TMF), traceability of data. • Archiving of TMF for at least 15 years. • Archiving of other trial/subject related documents as long as possible and according to regulatory requirements.

  34. ICH GCP Principle 11 • The confidentiality of records that could identify subjects should be protected, respecting the privacy and confidentiality rules in accordance with the applicable regulatory requirement(s). • Obliterate any personal subject‘s data (name, address …) if on a lab report, ECG etc.

  35. ICH GCP Principle 12 • Investigational products should be manufactured, handled, and stored in accordance with applicableGood Manufacturing Practice (GMP). They should be used in accordance with the approved protocol. • Action in case of damaged products or out of temperature shipment and/or storage at site. • Dispensing of trial products to the right trial subject. • Storage of products under conditions specified by the sponsor at a secure, lockable and access controlled place. • Adequate storage facilities, i.e. fridges, calibrated thermometers, continuous recording of storage conditions, alarm/emergency procedures. • Maintenance of stock sheets and CRF-drug accountability forms for trial products.

  36. ICH GCP Principle 13 • Systems with procedures that assure the quality of every aspect of the trial should be implemented. • SOPs • Monitoring visits. • Audits by sponsor during and after the trial. • Inspections by (foreign) authorities during and after the trial.

  37. Rare diseases • ICH GCP is an ethical and scientific qualitystandard for conducting clinical trials to facilitate global acceptance of clinical trial data. • Compliance with ICH GCP ensures: Credibility of data Safety of trial subjects Rights of trial subjects Well-being of trial subjects Accuracy of data

  38. Rare conditions 1:2000 to 1:1.500 000 Few patients Expensive drugs Small study numbers Uncertain effects Profit to the industry Benefit to the patient Alternative treatments Possibility of implementation Authorities sponsorship Informed consent

  39. Summary • ICH GCP is an ethical and scientific qualitystandard for conducting clinical trials to facilitate global acceptance of clinical trial data. • Compliance with ICH GCP ensures: Credibility of data Safety of trial subjects Rights of trial subjects Well-being of trial subjects Accuracy of data

  40. Questions

More Related