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Understanding Conductors and Capacitance in Physics Exam Review

Discover the principles of conductors and capacitance, including induced charge, electrostatic pressure, and capacitor concepts. Study for your Physics exam with detailed explanations and practice problems. Be prepared to calculate derivatives, integrate electric fields, and understand electrostatic relationships. Explore the properties of conductors, induction, Faraday cages, and the forces exerted in electrostatic systems.

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Understanding Conductors and Capacitance in Physics Exam Review

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  1. §2.4Conductors –capacitance Christopher Crawford PHY 311 2014-02-14

  2. Outline • Exam on Mondayquestion types, review sheet • Conductors vs. dielectricsCharge, field, and potentialInduced chargeElectrostatic presure • CapactitorsField lines, equipotentialsCapacitance = flux / flowEnergy = flux x flow

  3. Exam – 4 questions • Calculate vector derivatives • Curvilinear coordinates • Integrate electric field or potential over a charge distribution • Parametrize surface, path or volume • Differentiate between r, r’, r_script • Split integrals and factor out x, y, z • Proof of relationships betweenfive formulations of electrostatics • See study sheet • Essay question – prose and diagrams • Relation between field, flux/flow, sources,especially applied to electrostatics • Geometric interpretation of laws

  4. Plotting field lines and equipotentials

  5. Conductors vs. dielectrics • Conductor • Free vs. bound charge • metal: conduction band electrons, ~ 1 / atom • electrolyte: positive & negative ions • Electrical properties of conductors • Field, potential, charge distribution • Coefficients of potential, capacitance

  6. Induced charges • Induction in a conductor – displacement of charge • Charge shifts until electric field is normal to surface • Surface charge terminates electric flux lines inside the conductor • Total charge remains constant unless there is an escape path • Faraday cage – shields external flux inside a hollow conductor • field lines from charge inside a hollow conductor are “communicated” outside the conductor by induction (compare: displacement field, 7.3)

  7. Electrostatic pressure • Force due to electric field on induced charge in conductor • Force per unit area: f = P (or electrostatic pressure)

  8. Capacitor • Pair of conductors held at different potential • Electric flux: • Electric flow: • Capacitance: Q = C ΔV • Parallels later in the course: • resistance, reluctance, inductance • Stored energy: E = ½ Q ΔV

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