1 / 18

WATCH® GmbH A Water Company

WATCH® GmbH A Water Company. Watch® FilterSorb SP3 Introduction: Part I By Deepak Chopra. Watch ®  GmbH Fahrlachstraße 14 68165 Mannheim Germany  Web: www.watchwater.de email: info@watchwater.de Telefon:   +49 (0) 621 87951-0 Telefax: +49 (0) 621 87951-99. May 2013.

heaton
Download Presentation

WATCH® GmbH A Water Company

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. WATCH® GmbHA Water Company Watch® FilterSorb SP3 Introduction: Part I By Deepak Chopra Watch® GmbH Fahrlachstraße 14 68165 Mannheim Germany  Web: www.watchwater.de email: info@watchwater.deTelefon:   +49 (0) 621 87951-0 Telefax: +49 (0) 621 87951-99 May 2013

  2. INTRODUCTION SP3 (S) SCALE (P) PREVENTION (3) Ca(HCO3)2 soluble changes Temporary Hardness into Calcium Carbonate + Pure Water + Carbon dioxide CaCO3 + H2O + CO2 This is FILTERSORB SP3 Science and the Scientifc Method of SP3 • Hard Water Science is the formulated knowledge based on:- • FACT, DATA and the formulation of TESTABLE explanations how hard water operates. WATCH GmbH A Water Company

  3. Science and the Scientifc Method of SP3 HARD WATER is a FACT Calcium Carbonate CaCO3 derives from the FORMULATION between Calcium and Magnesium compounds. Ca or Mg are considered as metals within the same group 2 (periodic table) with similar properties. WATCH GmbH A Water Company

  4. Science and the Scientifc Method of SP3 • Assumptions (axioms) of science: • That water behaves chemically and is governed by a natural order • (H+) Hydrogen + (OH-) Hydroxides = H2O • 2. There is a cause and effect relationship behind every SCALE forming • One might ask, where did the scale come from? • What was the original cause? • CAUSE • Water + Carbon Dioxide + Calcium + Magnesium + Oxides + Hydroxides + Hydrogen carbonate, make hard water. • TEMPORARY HARDNESS • H2O + CO2 + Ca + Mg + O + OH + HCO3 and after saturation Ca(HCO3)2 • Temporary Hardness - FACT. WATCH GmbH A Water Company

  5. SOAP, SCUM and DETERGENTS • The use of Soap? • It is very important to know what ‘soap’ is, as ‘soap’ is not a detergent. • Soap in hard water creates ‘scum’ but you do not usually get ‘scum’ with • detergents as detergents are generally soap less. • NOTE: Detergents usually give a very good lather with any water. • General feed back from customers is that you can use up to 25% less soap • and detergents when using SP3 water, (water hardness related savings) • than if using normal hard water. Research into a link between hard • water, the over use of soap, and skin conditions, is ongoing. • Worldwide industry experience says there is a link, its just proving it! • Scum is caused by Gypsum, which is mainly Calcium Sulfate CaSO4. WATCH GmbH A Water Company

  6. SOAP TEST “Soapy Soap” is not a joke! SOAP is Natural Sodium Stearate. The chemistry of ‘scum’ formation Calcium Sulfate + Sodium Stearate  Calcium Stearate + Sodium Sulfate (Hardness) + (soap) = (scum) Formulation the scientific method CaSO4 + 2C17H35COONa Ca( C17H35COO)2 + Na2SO4 Conclusion Testable explanation of “Clear Yellow” Test Kit A precipitation reaction is generally defined as the formation of insoluble solid, one before the SP3 system and again after the SP3 system WATCH GmbH A Water Company

  7. Testable Explanations • The Testablemethod: • Answering questions usingTestableexplanations • Why we are confident SP3 is the better way? • How an SP3 unit can save the customer over 35% on running costs compared to a salt based softener in a 10 year period! • No regeneration of the unit is required i.e. no wastewater • Stays as hard water, but a non scale forming hard water • Retains calcium & magnesium, important minerals for the body • Prevents new and removes existing scale deposits • No change to the pH level • No electrical or drain connections required • Gives substantial savings on soap consumption (water hardness related) WATCH GmbH A Water Company

  8. Testable Explanations • SP3 treatment:- an explanation • Solubility of Calcium and Magnesium compounds and their reactions • Solvent: the liquid that dissolves the material in test. • Solute: the material which is to be dissolved in a solvent in test bottle. • Solution: the result of the dissolving in the test water. • Solute + Solvent = Clear solution • Solubility: to what extent a test powder (solute) will dissolve • Soluble: the material or test powder will dissolve in good water • Insoluble: not soluble, will not dissolve in a SP3 water i.e. Calcium Sulfate (CaSO4) and Magnesium Sulfates (MgSO4) • Note: The solution of CO2 (aq.) is sometimes described as “Carbonic acid” • H2CO3 but does this really exist? • CO2 (aq.) + H2O ↔ H+(aq.) + HCO3-(aq.) WATCH GmbH A Water Company

  9. Testable Explanations • Solubility of Calcium and Magnesium compounds and their reactions • (continued) • Saturated: means saturated solution in one in which solute will not dissolve • Calcium sulfate saturated water will not dissolve test powder • Calcium and magnesium oxides or hydroxides are soluble in H2CO3 water until it becomes saturatedCa(HCO3)2 • These are the major cause of scale and alkaline solutions • Calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate both are insoluble in water, but they are readily dissolved in acids. pH of the water remains same, alkalinity of the water remains same. WATCH GmbH A Water Company

  10. FACTS • Collect the DATA: • Note: Using Ion-exchange for hard water increase costs because sodium chlorideor hydrochloric acid is needed to make a regeneration and this leads to higher sodium or hydrogen ions in water that can lead to a slight reduction of the pH of water. • CaCO3 + 2HCl Ca2+(Cl-)2 + H2O + CO2 • CaCO3 + 2NaCl Ca2+(Cl-)2 + H2O + 2Na+ • However, a negative point! It has been suggested that both Sodium and hydrogen ions can contribute slightly towards increased blood pressure, that’s why people on a low sodium diet are recommended to drink hard water. • With SP3, every mains water tap is drinkable!. WATCH GmbH A Water Company

  11. FACTS Acid solutions have a pH of < 6.8. These are quite often as salts, which are themselves formed from neutralizing acids and bases. Because all acids from hydrogen ions in the water and with this the remaining ions that as Calcium (Ca2+) and Chlorides (Cl2-) becomes the salt of CaCl2. The same reaction takes place with magnesium (Mg2+) and chlorides (Cl2-) to become MgCl2 and this is FACT . FACT -- that in all acids there are more H ions, and with chlorides, it makes HCl hydrochloric acid. This can contribute towards corrosion, a scientific FACT ! WATCH GmbH A Water Company

  12. Nucleation Assisted Crystallization (NAC) • Although the principle objective is the same, NAC is different to other crystallization processes. It is a solid heterogeneous catalyst that reacts with water and gaseous solutions. • The reaction occurs on the SP3 bead which has a glass surface coated onto Calcium and ceramic beads. The reactants are absorbed onto the catalyst SP3 surface at the “active sites” on the glass surface. These reactants are physical adsorbed and very “weakly” bound to the SP3 surface. When the high concentrations of the reactants are very close to each other, the original molecular bonds within the reactants ions are separated in seconds with the result a non scale forming crystal being created. WATCH GmbH A Water Company

  13. Hydrogen Carbonate Ion (HCO3-) The hydrogen carbonate ion as HCO3 Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + H2O + CO2 insoluble calcium carbonate, Pure Water and CO2 as gas and on the surface of SP3 the carbonate ions CO32- acting as a base, gains two protons to form H2O + CO2 + Ca2+ these are separated on the surface of SP3, CO2 in this formula is acting as supersaturated CO2 and the Ca starts the Nucleation process and becomes a non scale forming crystal. SP3 WATCH GmbH A Water Company

  14. Hydrogen Carbonate Ion (HCO3-) H2O is a neutral oxide because its pH is 7. Logistically the oxonium/hydrated proton ion concentration is equal to the hydroxide ion concentration. • 2H2O ↔ (H3O+) + (OH-) • It is very important to have a high quality surface to support the strength of adsorption. SP3 has a unique double coated glass surface. • WATER Oxonium / Hydrogen ion + Hydroxide ion • In this reaction, water acts as but both ACID and BASE i.e. one water molecule acid donates a proton to another water molecule which becomes an oxonium ion (hydrated proton) and another water molecule (base) simultaneously accepts a proton! • Therefore, water is an amphoteric oxide: This means it reacts as both a proton acceptor and a proton donator. WATCH GmbH A Water Company

  15. Hydrogen Carbonate Ion (HCO3-) The hydrogen carbonate ion HCO3-can act as a carbonate ion both as acid with a base or act as a base with an acid, such behavior is described as amphoteric • HCO3- acting as a base, accepting a proton from an acid. • HCO3- + OH- H2O + CO2 • HCO3- acting as an acid donating a proton to the hydroxide ion base Conclusion - the reactant Ca(HCO3)2 being bounded to the SP3 catalyst glass surface (chemisorptions/adsorption) must be very strong to apart reactant ions as fast as possible, but enough to handle all ions and the products to ‘escape’ from the SP3 surface. This part of the process is called ‘desorption’. WATCH GmbH A Water Company

  16. SP3 functionality • During the SP3NAC process, a very efficient ceramic bead is used. • Glass coating is very unusual on the catalyst and is unique to Watch®. It is an important requirement to ensure a quality surface for adhesion and to keep the maximum surface area to give the greatest and therefore the most efficient rate of reaction. A controlled amount of fragmentation of the bead during the manufacturing process (controlled by heat) enhances its ability for reaction. • Other crystallization based medias can expand during reaction. This ‘stretching’ of the site reduces its ability to create a catalyst surface, thus considerably reducing the efficiency of the product. • SP3NACis stable during reaction, and its unique glass coating offers pH stability in its product water. • . WATCH GmbH A Water Company

  17. SP3 Contamination • Actives Sites: Not all the surface of the media is effective due to minute imperfections in a Ca2+ crystal at the ionic level. For any SP3 catalytic surface, it is desired to have a fragmented surface to ensure they are much more effective as against a ‘rough’ expanded one. • Important: SP3 catalyst contamination should be avoided if at all possible. • High Copper and Iron levels can cause impurities, as they can be bounded on the surface of the SP3 and its active sites. It considerably reduces the efficiency of the SP3, especially as the most effective SP3 catalyst sites bind impurities the strongest, competing with the reactant Ca(HCO3)2 ions. • Hydrogen sulfides contaminates the SP3 media, so precautions should be taken that water remains free of sulfur. • We recommend that commercial systems replace media every 3 years. WATCH GmbH A Water Company

  18. Conclusion • Case Studies: • Boilers • Heat exchangers • Cooling Towers • Commercial applications • Reminder: What FILTERSORB SP3 is and how does it work? • SP3 is a media that converts a scale causing ion into a non scale forming crystal that flow harmlessly through the system, without the need for regeneration or use of chemicals. FILTESORB SP3 End of Part I WATCH GmbH A Water Company

More Related