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Nelson Mandela

Nelson Mandela. By. Harris Nazri 9 .B. His Early Life before participating in Politics. He was born in Mvezo, a small village located in the district of Umtata. Father served as chief of Mvezo, and had 4 wives, Mandel was born to his father’s 3 rd wife.

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Nelson Mandela

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  1. Nelson Mandela By. Harris Nazri9 .B

  2. His Early Life before participating in Politics. .. • He was born in Mvezo, a small village located in the district of Umtata. • Father served as chief of Mvezo, and had 4 wives, Mandel was born to his father’s 3rd wife. • Attended Clarkebury Boarding Institute at the age of sixteen when his father passed away from tuberculosis. • Studied bachelor of arts after enrolling at the Fort Hare University. • After leaving Fort Hare, upon arrival back to South Africa, he found a job at a mine as a guard. Then as an articled clerk at the Johannesburg law firm. • Completed B.A degree at the university of South Africa, then he began studying law at the University of Witwatersrand where he befriended students and future anti-apartheid political activists.

  3. Early Political Activity • Mandela began actively participating in politics after the 1948 election victory of the Afrikaner-dominated national party. This group supported the Apartheid policy of racial segregation. • He led the African National Congress in both the Defiance Campaign and the 1955 congress of the people (which adopted the ‘Freedom Charter” that provided the basic of the anti-apartheid cause). • Him and Oliver Tambo (his lawyer) operated a law firm that provided free or low cost legal cost to many blacks that lacked attorney representation during his time in order to help the blacks.

  4. Armed Anti-Apartheid Activities • Became the leader of the ANC armed wing in 1961. • He carried out sabotage missions against the military and government, possible guerilla warfare if the anti-apartheid campaign failed. • Raise funds for the MK and and arranged paramilitary training for them. • Guerilla warfare soon took place later mostly in the 1980’s against the apartheid government. Civilian casualties. • Admitted that the ANC also violet some human rights in its campaign against apartheid. • Described the situation in South Africa as increased repression, violence from the apartheid government in his response to the non-violent protest campaign, and couldn’t achieve any progress. • Couldn’t enter the US form the South Africa’s apartheid government era designations as ‘terrorist’.

  5. Arrest, trial and Imprisonment • Arrested in 5th August, 1962 after living on the run for 17 months thanks to the help of CIA • He was imprisoned In Johannesburg Port for 5 years • ANC leaders were too arrested in 11th July, 1963, • Brought in the ‘Rivonia Trial’ charged by chief prosecutor Dr. Percy Yutar with four charges of capital offense, crimes equivalent to treason, plotting foreign invasion of South Africa. • For reasoning ANC’s choice to use violence as tactics to resist against apartheid during its state of emergency. • He then was imprisoned in Robben Island for the next 18-20 years. • While being imrisoned, tudy with the University of London by correspondence through its External Programme and received the degree of Bachelor of Laws.

  6. Release AND Negotiations • Released from victor Verster Prison in Paarlon 11thfebruary 1990. • He made a speech declaring to peace, reconciliation to the white minority • Returned to the ANC to between 1990-94 leading the party to multi-racial negotiations that led to the nation’s first multi racial elections • Oliver Tambo became the National Chairperson.

  7. Presidency of south Africa • South Africa’s first multi racial election as granted on 27th of April, 27th April. ANC won 62% of the votes • Nelson Mandela was South Africa’s first black president

  8. Thank you • Bibliographies: • "Nelson Mandela." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 10 Apr. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela>. • "Nelson Mandela - Biography." Nobelprize.org. Web. 10 Apr. 2011. <http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1993/mandela-bio.html>. • "Nelson Mandela Foundation – Memory - Biography." Nelson Mandela Foundation – Home. Web. 10 Apr. 2011. <http://www.nelsonmandela.org/index.php/memory/views/biography/>. • "BBC News - Mandela's Life and times." BBC - Homepage. Web. 10 Apr. 2011. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12305154>.

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