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Gestão de Energia : 2013/14

Gestão de Energia : 2013/14. Class # 4 Energy Analysis: Block diagrams Prof. Tânia Sousa taniasousa@ist.utl.pt. Embodied Energy. Embodied Energy is …. Embodied Energy. Embodied Energy  is the sum of all the energy required to produce any goods or services,. Energy Analysis.

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Gestão de Energia : 2013/14

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  1. Gestão de Energia: 2013/14 Class # 4 Energy Analysis: Block diagrams Prof. Tânia Sousa taniasousa@ist.utl.pt

  2. Embodied Energy • Embodied Energyis …

  3. Embodied Energy • Embodied Energy is the sum of all the energy required to produce any goods or services,

  4. EnergyAnalysis Auto-industryassemblyline Electricity Paint Embodiedenergy in a car?

  5. EnergyAnalysis • Definition: theprocessofdeterminingtheembodiedenergyofa productorservice, i.e., theenergyrequireddirectlyandindirectly to produceit • Theenergyusedindirectlymightbe more importantthattheenergyuseddirectly Auto-industryassemblyline Electricity Paint Embodiedenergy in a car: 270 GJ

  6. Energy Analysis • WhatisEnergyAnalysisuseful for:

  7. Energy Analysis • WhatisEnergyAnalysisuseful for: • Determine theenergyneeded to producea product • Compare theenergyneeded to produce a product in differentplaces • Compute energysavingsdue to changes in theproduction processes, e.g., byrecyclingwasteglassproducedinsidea glassfactoryback to thefurnace?

  8. Energy Analysis • DifficultiesassociatedwiththeEnergyAnalysisframework:

  9. Energy Analysis • DifficultiesassociatedwiththeEnergyAnalysisframework: • Choosingthesystemboundary • Mergeseveralkindsofenergy • Ex: theproductionoffueloilfrom crude oilhas a muchhigherefficiencythantheproductionofelectricityfromcoal • EnergyCredit for by-products • Ex: by-productsfromtheiron & steelindustry are usedbythecementindustry

  10. EnergyAnalysis: Basic Operations • UnitaryProductionOperation • Conventions: • The use ofblockletters for Operations • The use ofnumbers for Inputs/Outputs Energy consumption EA Materials lnput Production m1 Operation A m3 m2 Residues mR

  11. Energy Analysis: Specific Consumption of Operation & Inputs • SpecificConsumptionofOperation A: CEA • SpecificConsumptionof Material 1: CE1

  12. Energy Analysis: Mass Factors • Residueformation factor • Massproportion

  13. EnergyAnalysis: SpecificConsumptionofProduction • Whatistheenergyspecificconsumptionof m3?

  14. EnergyAnalysis: SpecificConsumptionofProduction • Whatistheenergyspecificconsumptionofm3? • Writeit as

  15. Energy Analysis: Specific Consumption of Production • Whatistheenergyspecificconsumptionof m3? • Writeit as DirectEnergy Use IndirectEnergy Use

  16. EnergyAnalysis: SpecificConsumptionofProduction • Whatistheenergyspecificconsumptionofm3? • Whatisthespecificconsumptionofresidues?

  17. Energy Analysis: Specific Consumption of Production • Whatistheenergyspecificconsumptionof m3? • Thespecificconsumptionofresiduesisnull No energyconsumptionisattributed to mR (whichisalsoan output ofoperation A)

  18. EnergyAnalysis: SpecificConsumptionofProduction • Whatistheenergyspecificconsumptionofm3? • Why does a higherresidueformation factor, SA,implies a higherspecificconsumptionoftheuseful output, CE3?

  19. EnergyAnalysis: SequentialProcess • Whatistheenergyspecificconsumption CE4? EC 1 2 3 4 A B C EA EB

  20. EnergyAnalysis: SequentialProcess • Whatistheenergyspecificconsumption CE4? • Writeit as a functionof: EC 1 2 3 4 A B C EA EB

  21. EnergyAnalysis: SequentialProcess • Whatistheenergyspecificconsumption CE4? EC 1 2 3 4 A B C EA EB

  22. EnergyAnalysis: SequentialProcess • Whatistheenergyspecificconsumption CE4 usingthis exterior boundary? 1 2 3 4 A B C EC EA EB

  23. EnergyAnalysis: SequentialProcess • Whatistheenergyspecificconsumption CE4 usingthis exterior boundary? • Homework: Prove thatthisexpressionisequal to 1 2 3 4 A B C EC EA EB

  24. Exercise Consider the production system of floor pavement that has only: a ceramic oven, choice of defective parts and storage. The specific consumption of the furnace is 200 kJ / kg, whereas the specific energy consumption of the choice operation is 5 kJ / kg and the specific energy consumption of storage operation is 20 kJ / kg. The floor raw material involved an energy consumption of 50 kJ / kg in the clay processing operations. The operation of cooking promotes the volatilization of certain components of raw pavement representing 5%. The operation of choice rejects 10% of the output of the furnace and breaks during storage are 1%. Determine the specific consumption of the floor pavement.

  25. Exercise Scheme CEA = 200 kJ/kg; CEB= 5 kJ/kg; CEC= 20 kJ/kg CE1= 50 kJ/kg; SA= 1/0.95; SB= 1/0.9; SC= 1/0.99 EC EA EB 1 2 3 4 Oven Choice Storage

  26. EnergyAnalyis: ConvergentProcess • WhatistheenergyspecificconsumptionCE5? 1 A 2 5 C 4 3 B

  27. EnergyAnalyis: ConvergentProcess • WhatistheenergyspecificconsumptionCE5? 1 A 2 5 C 4 3 B

  28. Exercise A company manufacturing sunflower oil imports 60% of raw material and the remaining 40% is domestically produced. The sunflower imported is transported by sea 1000 km, while the national sunflower is transported by truck 200 km. The operation of oil refining has a specific consumption of 100 kJ/kg. The oil content of sunflower is 10%, meaning that the rejection mass on refining is 90% (in fact thismaterial is used in the manufacture of cattle feed). The specific consumption of transport is 0.025 kJ/kg.km by truck and 0.010 kJ/kg.km by sea. Losses in sunflower transportation are 1% on truck and 0.1% on ship. Determine the specific consumption of refined oil.

  29. Exercise Scheme CEA =10000.01 kJ/kg; CEB =2000.025 kJ/kg; CEC =100 kJ/kg; SA = 1/0.999; SB= 1/0.99; SC= 1/0.1; CE1 = CE3= 0; 1 A: Transportship 2 5 C: Refining 4 3 B: Transporttruck

  30. 3 B 2 1 A 4 5 C EnergyAnalyis: DivergentProcess • In a divergentprocessallproductsthat are an output ofthesameoperationhavethesamespecificenergyconsumption • There are otheroptions to giveenergycredit to by-products, e.g., economic.

  31. 3 B 2 1 A 4 5 C EnergyAnalyis: DivergentProcess • What are theenergyspecificconsumptionsCE5 & CE3?

  32. 3 B 2 1 A 4 5 C EnergyAnalyis: DivergentProcess • What are theenergyspecificconsumptionsCE5 & CE3?

  33. E G 1 D B 4 A 6 2 9 10 11 5 C 7 3 8 12 F Exercise • Compute CE11and CE12

  34. E G 1 D B 4 A 6 2 9 10 11 5 C 7 3 8 12 F Exercise • Compute CE11and CE12

  35. EnergyAnalysis: TreatmentOperation • WhatistheenergyspecificconsumptionCE2? • Energyconsumption in a treatmentoperationisassigned to theoperationthatgeneratestheresidues (A)

  36. EnergyAnalysis: TreatmentOperation • WhatistheenergyspecificconsumptionCE2?

  37. EnergyAnalysis: TreatmentOperation • WhatistheenergyspecificconsumptionCE2? • WhatistheenergyspecificconsumptionCE3?

  38. Energy Analysis: Treatment Operation • What is the energy specific consumption CE2? • What is the energy specific consumption CE3? • The energy specific consumption of the output from the treatment operation is null

  39. Energy consumption E A Materials Production input m m 1 2 Operation A Recycled residues Residues m R Energy consumption m Treatment 3 in treatment operation B E B EnergyAnalysis: Recycling • WhatisthespecificconsumptionofproductionCE2? m4 Recycling operation C

  40. Energy consumption E A Materials Production input m m 1 2 Operation A Recycled residues Residues m R Energy consumption m Treatment 3 in treatment operation B E B EnergyAnalysis: Recycling • WhatisthespecificconsumptionofproductionCE2? • Otherrecyclingschemes: m4 Recycling operation C

  41. Exercise 4 D • Compute CE6 3 1 R C (treat) A 5 2 6 B

  42. Exercise 4 D • Compute CE6 3 1 R C (treat) A 5 2 6 B

  43. EnergyAnalyis: Energy & material inputs • Whatisthemeaningof E1? • E1 isthe total energyused to produce m1 • For consistencypurposeswhatshouldbethemeaningof EA?

  44. EnergyAnalyis: Energy & material inputs • Whatisthemeaningof E1? • E1 isthe total energyused to produce m1 • For consistencypurposeswhatshouldbethemeaningof EA? • EA shouldbethe total energyused to producethatenergyconsumption, i.e., EA shouldbetheprimaryenergyassociatedwiththe final energy input • To mergeseveralkindsoffinal energyfirstconverteachone to primaryenergyandthenmakethe sum

  45. EnergyAnalyis: Energyefficiencymeasures • Whatistheimpactofanenergyefficiencymeasurethatdecreases CEAonCEoutput? 1 2 3 4 A B C EC EA EB 6

  46. EnergyAnalyis: Energyefficiencymeasures • Whatistheimpactofanenergyefficiencymeasurethatdecreases CEAonCEoutput? 1 2 3 4 A B C EC EA EB

  47. Exercise A factory produces 2 end products: P1 and P2. These products follow the production process shown in the diagram below, with P1 = 50000 ton/year and P2 = 30000 ton/year. The operation G treats the effluents from E and F. These two (E and F) are the only productive operations that generate waste, and SE = 1.2, SF = 1.3. In operation G, only 20% of the input effluent, exits the process as waste. The values of composition are as follows: f4 = 0.4, f6= 0.5. The table presents the specific consumption of each operation. Consider that for electricity: 0.215 kgep/kWh and for fueloil 0.984 kgep/kg. Calculate f13 13 G 14 3 6 11 12 C 4 7 8 (produção 1) A E 1 5 D 9 10 (produção 2) B F 2

  48. Exercise 3800 15200 10000 30000 30000 50000 42400 27600 13 G 14 30000 9000 11 12 41400 30000 C 39000 41400 8 (produção 1) A E 1 D B F 2

  49. Exercise A factory produces 2 end products: P1 and P2. These products follow the production process shown in the diagram below, with P1 = 50000 ton/year and P2 = 30000 ton/year. The operation G treats the effluents from E and F. These two (E and F) are the only productive operations that generate waste, and SE = 1.2, SF = 1.3. In operation G, only 20% of the input effluent, exits the process as waste. The values of composition are as follows: f4 = 0.4, f6= 0.5. The table presents the specific consumption of each operation. Consider that for electricity: 0.215 kgep/kWh and for fueloil 0.984 kgep/kg. What is the specific consumption of each operation?

  50. Exercise

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