CPR/First AID

1. CPR/First AID Preventing Injuries

2. Unintentional Injuries • A fatal home injury happens every 18 minutes in the U.S., and an injury happens every 4 seconds. • Preventing an injury resulting from an unexpected event is easy to do • Prevent Fires: • Never leave candle burning unattended • Store matches/lighters out of reach of children • Keep stoves/ovens clean • Replace frayed electrical cords • Check smoke alarms when we change time • Have a fire extinguisher

3. Unintentional Injuries • Prevent Falls • Keep stairways lit, and free of clutter • Keep floors clean • Safety rails, grips in bathrooms • Don’t run cords across walkways • Prevent Electrical Shock • Unplug devices not in use • Check cords for signs of wear • Don’t use around water

4. Unintentional Injuries • Prevent Poisoning • Keep mediations in childproof containers • Store chemicals in locked cabinets • Use products in well-ventilated areas

5. First Aid • Check, Call, Care • When you approach an emergency situation remember “check, call, care” • Check the scene and the victim • Make sure scene is safe (not in traffic flow) • Only move victim if life is threatened by scene • Call for help • Call “911” or assign someone to call “911” • If you are the only one there, you may have to leave the victim to get help, return as quickly as possible • Care for the victim • Get permission to treat if possible

6. Common Injuries • Open Wounds • Abrasion – scrapes, clean out wound • Laceration – cut, clean out and bandage • If deep, may need medical attention • Puncture – small but deep hole (nail) • Carry very high risk of infection • Clean wound, seek out medical attention • Avulsion- tissue is partially or completely separated from body (finger severed) • Pace part in ice seek immediate medical attention

7. First Aid for Bleeding • Cover wound with gauze, or clean cloth • If gauze/cloth fills with blood DO NOT REMIVE! • Just add more gauze/cloth to the outside • Elevate wound above heart if possible • If wound is gushing blood, you nay need to apply pressure to wound, or above wound, to slow blood flow

8. First Aid for Burns • Minor Burn (First Degree) – cool the burn with cold running water, or immerse in cold water for 10 minutes. A clean, cold, wet towel will help relieve pain. • Pat dry and cover with sterile bandage • More severe (Second Degree) cool burn with cool water, elevate burn area. Wrap loosely with sterile dry dressing. • Severe Burns (Third Degree) – cool burn with large amounts of cold water, cover area with dry sterile dressing, seek immediate medical attention.

9. CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) • Use of rescue breaths and chest compressions on a someone who is not breathing and has not heartbeat • ABCs of CPR • Airway – look in victim’s mouth, remove anything blocking airway • If no neck injury is evident, lay person flat on back and tip head back to open airway • Breathing – look listen, and feel for breathing • If not breathing normally, begin rescue breathing • Pinch nostrils shut, place mouth over mouth and give 2 slow breathes of about 2 seconds in length each

10. CPR • Circulation – check for signs of circulation (breathing, coughing, movement) • If there are no signs of circulation, then trained person should begin with chest compressions • If victim responds, stop compressions and monitor breathing, giving breathes as necessary • I am Trained in CPR, but I am not a certified trainer • I would highly suggest you take a CPR course and receive proper training!

11. AED • Automated External Defibrillator • A device that delivers and electronic shock to the heart to restore normal rhythm • Whenever present, should be used in place of CPR

12. First Aid for Shock • Shock- Failure of system to properly circulate blood • Pale appearance • Rapid breathing, pulse • Nausea • Restlessness • Call 911 • Control any bleeding • Elevate legs, unless injury prevents • Do not give victim food/water!

13. First Aid for Choking • Ask person if they can speak? • If they cannot respond, the airway is completely blocked • If victim is an adult, use abdominal thrusts • Place you leg between the legs of the victim • Wrap your arms around victims waist, making a fist with one hand • Pull inward and upward just under the rib cage • If you are choking and alone, do same thing with you own arm, may also use back of chair • If victim is younger may use black bows

14. Other Common Injuries • Muscle Cramps – painful, sudden tightening of muscle • Stretch area • Massage area • Apply moist heat to area • Strains/Sprains • RICE • Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation • Fracture/Dislocation • Immobilize area, and seek medical attention

15. Other Common Injuries • Concussion – blow to head that affect brain function • Have victim lie down • Use first aid for any bleeding • Seek professional help • Nose Bleeds • Breathe through mouth • Sit down, lean forward • May apply pressure to bleeding nostril to stop/slow bleeding

16. Other Common Injuries • Object in Eye • Do not rub eye • Try blinking • Wash hands, pull lower eyelid down and have person look up • Repeat with upper lid and look down • Flush eye with sterile water or tap water