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Organic Nutrients: The Building Blocks of Life

Organic Nutrients: The Building Blocks of Life. 1. Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids. Nutrient. Atoms Names Structure Examples Functions. Globular 1. Enzymes 2. Transport 3. Hormones 4. Actin /Myosin 5. Antibodies

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Organic Nutrients: The Building Blocks of Life

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  1. Organic Nutrients: The Building Blocks of Life • 1. Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic Acids

  2. Nutrient Atoms Names Structure Examples Functions Globular 1. Enzymes 2. Transport 3. Hormones 4. Actin/Myosin 5. Antibodies 6. Gene Regulatory Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Sulfur Long chains of amino acids 1. Chemical Rx 2. Transports 3. Signals 4. Movement 5. Defense 6. Activate DNA End in: “in” pepsin “gen” collagen “ase” lipase Protein and life Structural 1. Collagen 2. Keratin Cell Parts 1. Cytoskeleton 2. Connective tissue End in “ine” example: glycine leucine 20 different types Amine (NH2) + Carboxyl Acid (COOH) + “R” group Glycine Leucine Proline Histidine (20) Building blocks of proteins Same as above Primary ---> Secondary-> Tertiary ----> Quaternary Amino acid chain + H bonds interactions + R group interactions + Many chains bond together Same as above Same as above Forms a-helices & pleated sheets Shapes proteins into active form (Native Structure) Summary Genes Chromosomes Monomers: Nucleotides Polymer: DNA RNA Carries genetic information (how to make proteins) C, O, H, N, P

  3. T H E E N D OR IS IT? Let’s take a new, ‘fresh’ perspective on food

  4. Secondary Protein Structure Slide 2

  5. Quaternary Structure Collagen Hemoglobin 3 intertwining chains 2 Alpha Chains & 2 Beta Chains Slide 2

  6. Slide 2

  7. Nucleotide Monomers for DNA Polymer Slide 2

  8. Tertiary R Group Interactions “R” Group Interactions Slide 2

  9. The 4 Levels of Protein Structure Denatured Protein Primary Protein unravels and loses its native shape, thereby becoming biologically inactive Secondary Denaturing Conditions • pH changes • Temperature • Water Concentration • Salinity Tertiary (All of the above interfere with H bonds and ionic interactions) Quaternary Folding can be “autocatalytic” or helped by local environments Slide 2

  10. Protein Unfolding: Denaturation • pH changes * • Temperature * • Water Concentration * *Note: Condition will interfere with H bonds, Ionic and Hydrophilic interaction The covalent peptide bonds stay intact Slide 9

  11. Amino Acid Structure Slide 2

  12. Slide 2

  13. Slide 2

  14. Structural Protein Collagen Globular Protein Slide 2

  15. Slide 2

  16. Protein Folding: An Amino Acid Sequence Becomes a 3 Dimensional Shape Slide 2

  17. Chaperonins Aid in Proper Protein Folding How a chaperonin opens and closes Slide 9

  18. Slide 2

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