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Medical Emergencies

Medical Emergencies. Homeostasis. Vital Signs and normal values. A constancy in the internal environment of the body Naturally maintained by adaptive responses that promote healthy survival. Primary mechanisms: Heartbeat Blood pressure Body temperature Respiratory rate Electrolyte balance.

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Medical Emergencies

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  1. Medical Emergencies

  2. Homeostasis Vital Signs and normal values

  3. A constancy in the internal environment of the body Naturally maintained by adaptive responses that promote healthy survival

  4. Primary mechanisms:HeartbeatBlood pressureBody temperatureRespiratory rateElectrolyte balance

  5. Body Temperature Respiratory Rate Pulse / Heart Rate Blood Pressure Sensorium (mental alertness) Vital Signs

  6. Body Temperature Normal value: 98.6° Thermoregulation

  7. Measuring Body Temperature • Oral • Rectal • Axillary • Tympanic • Temporal

  8. Hyperthermia Fever, febrile Temperature higher than 99.5 °F Hypothermia below normal range of 97.7 °F Due to Environment Medically induced Damage to hypothalamus Abnormalities in Body Temperature

  9. Body Temperature Respiratory Rate Pulse / Heart Rate Blood Pressure Sensorium (mental alertness) Vital Signs

  10. Breathes per minute Normal Values: Adults: 12 – 20 bpm Children: 20 – 30 bpm Newborns: 30 – 60 bpm Respiratory Rate

  11. Know normal values Respiratory System delivers oxygen to the body’s tissues eliminates carbon dioxide Ptwill die without the removal of CO2 and addition of O2

  12. Methods of Delivering Oxygen Nasal Cannula Masks Oxyhood Ventilators

  13. Tachypnea Greater than 20 breaths per minute (adult) Bradypnea – decrease is breathing Dyspnea- difficulty breathing Apnea- no breathing Abnormalities of Respiratory Rate

  14. Pulse Oximeter • Normal Pulse Oximeter = 95% to 100%

  15. Body Temperature Respiratory Rate Pulse / Heart Rate Blood Pressure Sensorium (mental alertness) Vital Signs

  16. Pulse • Adult • 60 to 100 beats per minute • Children under 10 • 70 to 120 beats per minute

  17. Radial artery Brachial Carotid artery Apical pulses Measurement

  18. Body Temperature Respiratory Rate Pulse / Heart Rate Blood Pressure Sensorium (mental alertness) Vital Signs

  19. Measure of the force exerted by blood on the arterial walls during contraction & relaxation. Measured pressure when the heart is relaxed: Diastolic Measured pressure when the heart is contracted: Systolic Measured with a Sphygmomanometer Blood Pressure

  20. Blood Pressure • Recorded in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) with systolic over diastolic • Normal adult systolic: 95-140 mm Hg • Normal adult diastolic: 60-90 mm Hg • 120/80 mmHg considered normal

  21. Hypertension Persistently elevation above 140/90 mmHg Hypotension Persistently less than 95/60 mmHg Abnormalities of Blood Pressure

  22. Body Temperature Respiratory Rate Pulse / Heart Rate Blood Pressure Sensorium (mental alertness) Vital Signs

  23. State of conscious awareness: alert and engaged-walky-talky alert but not engaged not alert, sleepy, eyes closed altered states of consciousness • Sensorium (mental alertness)

  24. Major Medical Emergencies Not common in x-ray department but always possible

  25. TRAUMA- X-RAY READY

  26. SPINAL INJURY PT

  27. X-TABLE LATERALSCERVICAL SPINE

  28. Dislocation of the C3 and C4 articular processes Note that C7 is not well demonstrated

  29. Some studies of spinal trauma have recorded a missed injury rate as high as 33%.

  30. GSW TO ABD

  31. Minor Medical Emergencies Seen much more frequently in the xray department

  32. Fractured Forearm

  33. Trauma and Surgical Radiography

  34. Medical Emergencies • What a Radiologic technologist should know • Common Radiology Emergencies

  35. Ensure an open airway (ABC’s) Control Bleeding Take Measures to Prevent shock 4. Attend to wounds or fractures 5.Provide emotional support 6. Continually reevaluate and follow up General Priorities

  36. Sudden change in medical status requiring immediate action. For RT’s medical emergencies are rare Recognize emergencies Remain calm and confident Avoid additional harm to the patient Obtain appropriate medical assistance quickly Know where crash cart is, emergency phone and code blue buttons Medical Emergencies

  37. Emergency Cart (crash cart) • Know where it is in your department • Familiarize yourself with its contents • Have BLS with AED training • Have one in the room when an iodinated contrast media will be used

  38. Major Medical Emergencies ALOC Shock Anaphylactic shock Diabetic Crisis Respiratory Distress Cardiac Arrest Cerebrovascular accident

  39. Head Injuries Levels of consciousness • Least severe • Responsive • More serious • Can be roused, but drowsy • Even more serious • Responds to pinches or pinpricks • Most serious • Comatose, non-responsive

  40. Hypovolemic Loss of blood or tissue Cardiogenic Cardiac disorders Neurogenic Spinal anesthesia or damage to spinal cord Vasogenic Caused by sepsis, deep anesthesia or anaphylaxis Shock

  41. An allergic reaction to contrast media Iodinated Can happen quickly or have a delayed reaction Requires prompt recognition and treatment from the technologist More severe usually have quick onset Less severe takes longer for reaction Anaphylactic Shock

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