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The Hydrosphere

The Hydrosphere. 70% of the earth’s surface is covered with water Oceans: 97.5% Land: 2.4% Atmosphere < .001%. The water (hydrologic) cycle. The cycle: Evaporation. Water changes from liquid to gas (vapor) 80% of evaporation comes from the oceans, the rest from waterways and vegetation

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The Hydrosphere

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  1. The Hydrosphere • 70% of the earth’s surface is covered with water • Oceans: 97.5% • Land: 2.4% • Atmosphere < .001%

  2. The water (hydrologic) cycle

  3. The cycle: Evaporation • Water changes from liquid to gas (vapor) • 80% of evaporation comes from the oceans, the rest from waterways and vegetation • Winds transport evaporated water around the globe

  4. Water changes from gas to water droplets as they rise in the atmosphere (gets colder) Water droplets adhere to particles in the atmosphere and form clouds The cycle: Condensation

  5. The cycle: Transpiration • Water evaporates from the leaves and stems of plants • 10% of evaporated water comes from transpiration

  6. The cycle: Precipitation • Water transfers from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface • Rain, snow, sleet, hail, freezing rain

  7. The cycle: Runoff • Runoff transfers water from lakes, rivers and streams to the oceans. • Runoff also occurs when the ground cannot absorb any more water and it flows on the surface into bodies of water

  8. The cycle: Infiltration • Infiltration is the soaking of water into the earth’s surface • Amount that infiltrates affected by • Slope of the land • Vegetation • Rock types • Soil type

  9. Water, water everywhere…but not a drop to drink • With almost all of the earth’s water in the oceans, less than 10% is available for human use • Access to water is not equal, due to nature and wealth

  10. “The equivalent of 12 jumbo jets of children die everyday from sanitation-related diseases” --UN Water expert • Water pollution is a major problem around the world, including here in Minnesota • Half of the world’s population…3 billion people!...don’t have access to clean water

  11. The White T-Shirt Metaphor • Clean water is like a new white t-shirt. Each time you wear it, it gets a little dirtier. Each time you wash it, it is a little less white. • Each time clean water is used, it gets a little dirtier. Each time you “clean” it, it stays a little less clean. CONSERVE WATER!

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