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CLASSIFYING CHEMICAL REACTIONS

CLASSIFYING CHEMICAL REACTIONS. FIVE BASIC WAYS TO CLASSIFY CHEMICAL REACTIONS:. Synthesis Decomposition Single-Replacement Double-Replacement Combustion. Summary of Reaction Types. Type- Synthesis Reactions:. Generic Reaction X + Y-->XY

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CLASSIFYING CHEMICAL REACTIONS

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  1. CLASSIFYING CHEMICAL REACTIONS

  2. FIVE BASIC WAYS TO CLASSIFY CHEMICAL REACTIONS: • Synthesis • Decomposition • Single-Replacement • Double-Replacement • Combustion

  3. Summary of Reaction Types

  4. Type- Synthesis Reactions: • Generic Reaction • X + Y-->XY • Definition-In this equation, X and Y can be compounds or elements. The result XY is a compound. Analogy- Like a marriage 2 Reactants form 1 Product 2 become one

  5. Summary of Reaction Types

  6. Examples of Real Synthesis Reactions: • 2Ba + O2 -->2BaO • 4Cu+ + O2 -->2Cu2O • 2Cu++ + O2 -->2CuO • 2H2 + O2 -->2H2O • C + O2 -->CO2 • 2Na + Cl2 -->2NaCl2

  7. Decomposition Reactions: • Generic formula of a decomposition reaction is: • XY --> X + Y • Decomposition reactions are opposite of synthesis reactions, 1 compound breaks down to 2 products Analogy-Like divorce 1 Reactant and 2 Products

  8. Examples of Real Decomposition Reactions: • 2HgO --> 2Hg + O2 • 2H2O --> 2H2 + O2 • CaCO3 --> CaO + CO2 • Cu(OH)2 --> CuO + H2O • 2KClO3 --> 2KCl + 3O2H2SO4 --> SO3 + H2O

  9. Single Replacement Reactions: • one element replaces a similar element in a compound. • Generic formula • A + XY --> AY + X Aggressive metal wins 1 free element + compound  compound + 1 free element Like finding a new girl friend

  10. Single Replacement Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq)  Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag(s)

  11. Li Rb K Ba Ca Na Mg Al Zn Cr Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Hg Ag Pt Au Metal Reactivity Chart Lassiter High School Most aggressive metal (woman) wins out H

  12. Li Rb k Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu HgAg Pt Au Metal Reactivity Chart Most aggressive metal (woman) wins out

  13. Examples of Single Replacement Reactions: • 2Al + 3Fe(NO3)2 3Fe + 2Al(NO3)3 • Zn + CuCl2 • Mg + Pb(NO3)2  • Fe + Na3PO4 • 2K + ZnCl2

  14. Li Rb k Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Fe Ni Sn PbH Cu Ag PtAu Li Rb K Ba Ca Na Mg Al Zn Cr Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Hg Ag Pt Au Metal Reactivity Chart H

  15. Examples of Real Single Replacement Reactions: • 2Al + 3Fe(NO3)2 3Fe + 2Al(NO3)3 • Zn + CuCl2 Cu + ZnCl2 • Mg + Pb(NO3)2  Pb + Mg(NO3)2 • Fe + Na3PO4 N.R. • 2K + ZnCl2 2 KCl + Zn • Cl2 + 2KBr  2KCl + Br2

  16. Double-Replacement Reactions: • two compounds exchange places in a solution to form two new compounds. • Generic • AB + XY --> AY + XB Like switching partners in square dancing 2 compounds  2 compounds

  17. Examples of Real Double-Replacement Reactions: • Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI --> PbI2 + 2KNO3 • FeS + 2HCl --> H2S + FeCl2 • HCl + NaOH --> NaCl + H2O

  18. Combustion Reactions: • When a substance combines with oxygen releasing a large amount of energy in the form of light and heat, it is a combustion reaction. Oxygen is needed to Burn things. Generic Reaction C + O2 CO2 + H2o

  19. Examples of Real Combustion Reactions: • examples of combustion reactions • C3H8 + 5O2 --> 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat • 2CH4 + 4O2  2CO2 + 4H2O + heat

  20. FIVE BASIC WAYS TO CLASSIFY CHEMICAL REACTIONS: • Synthesis 2 reactants1 product (like marriage) • Decomposition 1 reactant 2 products (like divorce) • Single-Replacement (most aggressive element wins) • Double-Replacement (switch partners) • Combustion=Burning (need oxygen to burn things)

  21. Lab- Single Replacement Reaction Copper and silver nitrate Cu + Ag(NO3)2 Demonstration Zinc, Copper, and Sodium Hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide and Calcium Chloride

  22. Lab- Single Replacement Reaction Copper and silver nitrate Cu + Ag(NO3)2 Ag + Cu(NO3)2 Demonstration Zinc, Copper, and Sodium Hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide and Calcium Chloride

  23. “5 Reactions with 5 Pictures” Reaction Type 1- define or explain [picture] Reaction Type 3 define or explain [Picture] Reaction Type 5- Describe and explain [Picture] Reaction Type 2- define or explain [picture] Reaction type 4 - define or explain [picture]

  24. FIVE BASIC WAYS TO CLASSIFY CHEMICAL REACTIONS: • Synthesis 2 reactants1 product (like marriage) • Decomposition 1 reactant 2 products (like divorce) • Single-Replacement (most aggressive element wins) • Double-Replacement (switch partners) • Combustion=Burning (need oxygen to burn things)

  25. Single Replacement Reactions: one element replaces a similar element in a compound. A + XY AY + X Most Aggressive metal wins 1 free element + compound  compound + 1 free element Like finding a new girl friend

  26. Li Rb k Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Ag PtAu Metal Reactivity Chart Most aggressive metal (woman) wins out H

  27. Examples of Single Replacement Reactions: • 2Al + 3Fe(NO3)2 • Zn + CuCl2 • Mg + Pb(NO3)2  • Fe + Na3PO4 • 2K + ZnCl2

  28. Li Rb k Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Fe Ni Sn PbH Cu Ag PtAu Metal Reactivity Chart H

  29. Examples of Real Single Replacement Reactions: • 2Al + 3Fe(NO3)2 • Zn + CuCl2 • Mg + Pb(NO3)2  • Fe + Na3PO4 • 2K + ZnCl2 • Cl2 + 2KBr 

  30. Examples of Real Single Replacement Reactions: • 2Al + 3Fe(NO3)2 3Fe + 2Al(NO3)3 • Zn + CuCl2 • Mg + Pb(NO3)2  • Fe + Na3PO4 • 2K + ZnCl2 • Cl2 + 2KBr 

  31. Examples of Real Single Replacement Reactions: • 2Al + 3Fe(NO3)2 3Fe + 2Al(NO3)3 • Zn + CuCl2 Cu + ZnCl2 • Mg + Pb(NO3)2  • Fe + Na3PO4 • 2K + ZnCl2 • Cl2 + 2KBr 

  32. Examples of Real Single Replacement Reactions: • 2Al + 3Fe(NO3)2 3Fe + 2Al(NO3)3 • Zn + CuCl2 Cu + ZnCl2 • Mg + Pb(NO3)2  Pb + Mg(NO3)2 • Fe + Na3PO4 • 2K + ZnCl2 • Cl2 + 2KBr 

  33. Examples of Real Single Replacement Reactions: • 2Al + 3Fe(NO3)2 3Fe + 2Al(NO3)3 • Zn + CuCl2 Cu + ZnCl2 • Mg + Pb(NO3)2  Pb + Mg(NO3)2 • Fe + Na3PO4 N.R. • 2K + ZnCl2 • Cl2 + 2KBr 

  34. Examples of Real Single Replacement Reactions: • 2Al + 3Fe(NO3)2 3Fe + 2Al(NO3)3 • Zn + CuCl2 Cu + ZnCl2 • Mg + Pb(NO3)2  Pb + Mg(NO3)2 • Fe + Na3PO4 N.R. • 2K + ZnCl2 2 KCl + Zn • Cl2 + 2KBr 

  35. Examples of Real Single Replacement Reactions: • 2Al + 3Fe(NO3)2 3Fe + 2Al(NO3)3 • Zn + CuCl2 Cu + ZnCl2 • Mg + Pb(NO3)2  Pb + Mg(NO3)2 • Fe + Na3PO4 N.R. • 2K + ZnCl2 2 KCl + Zn • Cl2 + 2KBr  2KCl + Br2 • Cu + FeSO4 

  36. Examples of Real Single Replacement Reactions: • 2Al + 3Fe(NO3)2 3Fe + 2Al(NO3)3 • Zn + CuCl2 Cu + ZnCl2 • Mg + Pb(NO3)2  Pb + Mg(NO3)2 • Fe + Na3PO4 N.R. • 2K + ZnCl2 2 KCl + Zn • Cl2 + 2KBr  2KCl + Br2 • Cu + FeSO4  N.R.

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