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AP Psychology: Review April 28, 2010 Ms. Simon

AP Psychology: Review April 28, 2010 Ms. Simon. Social Psychology. Define. Do Now. How many days until the AP exam?. AP Examination. 100 Questions, 70 minutes 2 Free Response, 50 minutes. AIM: How can we study the history and approaches to psychology?. Origins of Psychology.

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AP Psychology: Review April 28, 2010 Ms. Simon

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  1. AP Psychology: ReviewApril 28, 2010Ms. Simon

  2. Social Psychology • Define

  3. Do Now • How many days until the AP exam?

  4. AP Examination • 100 Questions, 70 minutes • 2 Free Response, 50 minutes

  5. AIM: How can we study the history and approaches to psychology?

  6. Origins of Psychology • Mind-body dualism the philosophy that mental and physical phenomena are separate • Mind-body Monism- the philosophy that mind and body are one

  7. The study of psychology exists in a series of waves…

  8. Waves Wave One: Introspection Wave Two: Gestalt Wave Three: Psychoanalysis Wave Four: Behaviorism Humanist Perspective Biological/Evolutionary Sociocultural

  9. Problem: An 8-year old student is having behavioral problems at school. He is unusually aggressive and disruptive, often bullying other students. He spends most of his time alone, watching television. His mother has two jobs and his father died when he was young.

  10. Wave One: Structuralism

  11. Wave One: Introspection • Introspection • record cognitive reactions to simple stimuli • Wilhelm Wundt • structuralism • Functionalism • Mind combines subjective emotions and objective sensations • William James

  12. Wave Two: Gestalt • Max Wertheimer • Gestalt psychology: the whole is more than the sum of its parts

  13. Wave Three: Psychoanalysis • Sigmund Freud • Unconscious mind • Repression • Defense mechanisms Jung, Adler, Horney

  14. Wave Four: Behaviorism • Watson and Pavlov • Behavior must be observable • Learned Responses

  15. Humanistic Perspective • Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers • Free will • Potential for personal growth

  16. Evolutionary Biopsychology • Genes, hormones, neurotransmitters Natural Selection

  17. Sociocultural • Examines cultural difference to understand behavior • Martin Seligman

  18. April 29, 2010AP Psychology Review

  19. Final Studying Techniques • Recommended units to review: • Perception • Sensation • Neurobiology • Language

  20. AIM: How can we review research methods and biological psychology?

  21. Research Methods • Theories: organized sets of concepts that explain phenomena • Hypothesis: prediction of how two or more factors are likely to be related • Replication: repetition of the methods used in a previous experiment to see whether the same methods will yield the same results

  22. Research Methods • Independent Variable: the factor the researcher manipulates in a controlled experiment • Dependent Variable: the behavior or mental process that is measured in an experiment or quasi-experiment • Operational Definition: a description of the procedure used to quantify data • Constants vs. Controls • Random Sampling vs Random Assignment

  23. Research Methods: Design an experiment. Watching violent television programs makes children more aggressive

  24. Research Methods • Experiment • Quasi-Experiment • Naturalistic Observation • Surveys • Case Studies

  25. Biases Demand characteristics cues about the purpose of the study Experimenter Bias- researchers treat experimental and control groups differently Counterbalancing: participants serve as their own control group

  26. Central Tendency • Mode, Median, Mean • Z scores= measure the distance of a score from the mean in units of standard deviation • Correlational coefficient= measure of correlation • P value- smaller the better (more significant results)

  27. APA Ethical Guidelines • Basically, don’t hurt babies!

  28. Biological Bases of Behavior

  29. B. Brain Frontal- Parietal- Occipital- Temporal-

  30. Cerebrum Major portion of brain Many convolution/folds Intelligence, learning and judgment

  31. Cerebellum Coordinates motor movement and balance

  32. Brain Stem Regulates breathing, Heart rate

  33. Thalamus and Hypothalamus Thalamus= sensory Switchboard Hypothalamus- regulates Hunger, thirst, libido Endocrine system

  34. Peripheral Nervous System • Autonomic= “automatic” controls smooth muscles, heart, and glands • Somatic= controls skeletal muscles

  35. Sympathetic versus Parasympathetic

  36. Neurotransmitters Table 3.1

  37. Studying the Brain • EEGs • CAT • MRI • PET

  38. Sensation Transduction- converting stimulus into sensory perception Sensory Adaptation: decreasing responsiveness to a constant stimulus Sensory Habituation: perception of stimulus decreases when we are less focused on specific stimulus

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