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Understanding

Understanding. Computing. Monks use computers to preserve their books. The information can be stored on CDs and uploaded to the Internet so that the whole world can learn from them. The Age of Information. The world depends on computers for: Banking Air Traffic Control Games Email

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Understanding

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  1. Understanding Computing

  2. Monks use computers to preserve their books. • The information can be stored on CDs and uploaded to the Internet so that the whole world can learn from them.

  3. The Age of Information • The world depends on computers for: • Banking • Air Traffic Control • Games • Email • Hospitals • Libraries • Research… • What would your life be like without computers?

  4. Microchips in Cars • ABS (anti-lock braking system) uses microchips to help prevent skidding • GPS (global positioning system) gives drivers directions and helps to locate stolen cars • OBD (on board diagnostics) car’s computer tells you what is wrong with the engine

  5. Flying by the Wire • Fighter pilots fly so fast that they need a computer autopilot to help stabilize the jet

  6. “Breathing” Displays • The computer gives the pilot so much information that it seems like it is “alive”

  7. Digital Information • For a computer to analyze data it must translate all information into numbers.

  8. Digital Photography • A computer turns a picture into tiny blocks of light called pixels.

  9. Binary • A computer converts everything into zeros and ones (binary code). This is how a computer would count from 1 to 10: • 1 01 • 2 10 • 3 11 • 4 100 • 5 101 • 6 110 • 7 111 • 8 1000 • 9 1001 • 10 1010

  10. Storing Binary Information • The computer stores information by turning on or off electrical signals • The smallest unit of information is a BIT • Eight BITs makes one BYTE • Each number or letter is one BYTE

  11. Transistors • Transistors control the amount of electricity flowing into a computer • Vacuum tubes were used in computers in the early days, but they took up a lot of space, were hot and broke down a lot

  12. Computer Chips • Computer chips always check for errors • A program will not run if there is an error! • Computer chips always make an exact copy (music, pictures, text…)

  13. Keyboard Mouse Microphone These peripherals (hardware attached to a computer) send information into a computer Printer Monitor Speakers These peripherals send information from a computer Input vs Output

  14. Computer Memory • ROM – Read Only Memory is permanent instructions that the computer must follow to run programs • ROM is like information “carved” in stone • RAM – Random Access Memory is temporary memory used while operating programs – if you don’t save, it will be lost! • RAM is like information “written” on a blackboard

  15. RAM • Programs are loaded into RAM from the floppy or hard disk.

  16. CPU • The central processing unit is responsible for actually doing the computing in a computer. • It is known as the “brain” of the computer

  17. ENIAC • The first generation computer was built with 18,000 vacuum tubes, cost $8 million, weighed 30 tons and was called the ENIAC – electrical, numerical, integrator and calculator.

  18. John Von Neumann • He was the first person to make computer programs • This made computers faster and easier to use • The smallest unit of information is a BIT • Eight BITs makes one BYTE • Each number or letter is one BYTE

  19. Douglas Engelbart • He invented the computer mouse in 1967

  20. ARPAN • The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network was developed by the US military for scientists to share information and eventually became the Internet

  21. Modem • This computer hardware allows computers to connect to the Internet.

  22. Server • This computer hardware manages network resources • All the computers in this room are connected to one printer • The server in the library controls all the printers in our school

  23. Internet Messages • Messages are divided into packets of information and then sent to Internet addresses.

  24. Hackers • To protect ourselves from hackers trying to steal computer information, we have to use firewalls, encryption and virusscanning software.

  25. Networks • Narrow band networks can only send text messages • Wide band networks are able to send videos and graphics

  26. Mind and Microchip Marriage • Some people predict that in the future we will be able to put computer chips into our brains to make us smarter. • Would you want a computer chip in your brain?

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