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Introduction to Histology. Four basic tissue types: Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous All animals are composed of ONLY these four tissue types Tissue types are organized to form organs, which form the functional systems of the body. Epithelial tissue.
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Introduction to Histology • Four basic tissue types: • Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous • All animals are composed of ONLY these four tissue types • Tissue types are organized to form organs, which form the functional systems of the body
Epithelial tissue • Function: covers the internal and external surfaces of the body • Four types: Squamous, cuboidal, columnar, and transitional • Organized in layers: simple or stratified
Transitional epithelial: found in the bladder Stretches as the bladder becomes full Examples: Epithelial p. 158 F draw above
Examples: Epithelial • Simple squamous: lines blood vessels and lungs • Allows for increased blood flow and increased oxygen diffusion p. 157 A
Examples: Epithelial • Stratified squamous: lines the mouth, esophagus, cervix and skin • Several layers offers protection to outer layers and membranes of body. p. 157 B
Examples: Epithelial • Simple columnar: digestive tracts • Cells mixed with goblet cells that secrete mucous to aid in digestion p. 158 D
Example Location Shape (form) Function Transitional epithelium Bladder Layer with no specific shape, Cells can stretch Allow bladder to stretch as it fills Simple squamous Lungs, blood vessels Flat and thin layer Increase flow and absorption rate through tubes Stratified squamous Skin, esophagus, mouth cervix Several layers of thin flat cells Provide protection from abrasions Simple columnar Digestive tract One cell layer of rectangular cells mixed with goblet (mucous –producing) cells Aid in digestion with mucous production
Connective • Function: Bind and support other tissues • Several types: • Bone • Blood • CT proper: dense and loose • Adipose • Cartilage
Examples: Connective • CT proper: • Loose: ECM • Dense: tendons and ligaments p. 159 A
Examples: Connective • Bone p. 161 E
Examples: Connective • Blood • To circulate materials throughout the organism • RBC’s: contain hemoglobin to allow for oxygen to be carried to the tissues. p. 160 C
Examples: Connective • Cartilage: vary in # of fibers • Hyaline: ribs, trachea • Elastic: ears, larynx • Fibro: spinal chord p. 160 D
Examples: Connective • Adipose tissue: • Insulation • Storage p. 159 A
Muscle tissue • Function: Able to contract for locomotion. • Three types: skeletal, cardiac and smooth
Muscle tissue • Skeletal: voluntary, striated, multinucleate cells • Muscles attached to bones for voluntary movement p. 161 A
Muscle tissue • Smooth: • Non-striated, spindle-shaped, uni-nucleate involuntary cells • Muscles found in digestive tract, respiratory tract, etc. p. 161 B
Muscle tissue • Cardiac:involuntary, striated, branched, uni-nucleate cells • Only found in the heart p. 161 D
Nervous tissue • Function: Respond to stimuli and transmit impulses. • Cells are called neurons • Composed of cell body, axon and dendrites. • Single cell may run up to several feet long. p. 161 IV
Mystery Slides Lab activity • Pick a Partner • Go online and view the Mystery Slides in the “Jost Student Histology” Powerpoint on the Biology 102 website. • In each case, healthy tissue is on left and diseased/damaged tissue is on right.
