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Stressors & Processes

State of California. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY. NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY. CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL. Home. Safe to Drink. Safe to Swim. Safe to Eat Fish. Ecosystem Health. Stressors & Processes. Contact Us.

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Stressors & Processes

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  1. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants | Contacts Safe to Drink Portal Mock-up “Is my water safe to drink?” • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports Presented by: Safe Drinking Water Workgroup December 12, 2013 Mark Emmerson, Lead

  2. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants | Contacts Portal Characteristics • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council • Five Primary Navigation Tabs • Tap Water • Water Sources • Made Safe • Contaminants • Contacts • 40-plus pages • Dynamic rendering of lists and graphs • IFrame use of GeoTracker GAMA • Use of media libraries of: • Water Education Foundation • ACWA (HuellHowserCalifornia Water series) • CDPH, Drinking Water Program • Backend water quality data from CDPH and others SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports

  3. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants | Contacts Safe To Drink Is our Drinking Water safe? • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council QUESTIONS ANSWERED • Is my tap water safe to drink? • What is the source of my water? • What is in my drinking water? • How is my drinking water treated? • How is my drinking water made safe? • How safe is groundwater? Surface water? • Drinking water FAQ (including taste/smell and other general questions) • Who do I contact about my water? SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports Water is essential for life as we know it. Water grows our food, nurtures our landscapes and provides habitat for wildlife. Water powers turbines for electricity and serves as the lifeblood of industry. And, of course, we also depend on clean water to drink. In California, most residents get their drinking water piped through a public water system operated by a city or district agency or a private water company. In addition, about 4 million people get their water pumped from domestic or private wells. California’s drinking water supply is one of the safest in the world. Still, human and animal waste, industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals and other pollutants can seep into waterways and contaminate our rivers, lakes and underground aquifers. This portal provides answers to frequently asked questions about drinking water. It also provides links to state and federal agencies that can provide more information about these topics, as well as statewide water interest groups that have more details about individual water providers. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rIeyFc9S_bg SELECT YOUR WATER SYSTEM Please select your water system by entering the name or system number in the box below or just click SEARCH to bring up a map. Service Area Boundary System Information Carmichael Water District CA3410004 Population Served: 38492 Service Type: Community Number Connections: 11242 Number Wells: 7 Number Intakes: 1 Number Interties: 3 Number of treatment plants: 1 Primary Service: Residential 2012 Water Production: 3349 million gallons Gallons-per-capita-day: 202 Web Site: http://www.carmichaelwd.org

  4. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Click on a county, or enter a system ID number or name below CLOSE Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Treatment l Made Safe l Contacts Sacramento Home  Safe To Drink ID System Name CA3400204 7042 FOLSOM LLC WATER SYSTEM CA3400352 ACORN MOBILE VILLAGE CA3400429 ADESA OF SACRAMENTO CA3400100 ALAMAR MARINA CA3400278 AMERICAN RIVER COLLEGE CA3400424 ARCO AM PM CA3400271 ARCOHE ELEM SCHOOL - MAIN CAMPUS CA3400140 ASPEN GROVE MH & RV PARK CA3400103 B & W RESORT MARINA CA3400267 BATES ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CA3400380 BERT S DINER CA3400445 BING S MARKET CA3400387 BLUE DIAMOND GROWERS CA3400391 BRADSHAW CHRISTIAN SCHOOL CA3400382 BRADSHAW RANCH GOLF COURSE INC CA3400180 BRANCH CENTER [SWS] CA3410302 BRANNAN ISLAND STATE REC. AREA Is our Drinking Water safe? • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council Water is essential for life as we know it. Water grows our food, nurtures our landscapes and provides habitat for wildlife. Water powers turbines for electricity and serves as the lifeblood of industry. And, of course, we also depend on clean water to drink. In California, most residents get their drinking water piped through a public water system operated by a city or district agency or a private water company. In addition, about 4 million people get their water pumped from domestic or private wells. California’s drinking water supply is one of the safest in the world. Still, human and animal waste, industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals and other pollutants can seep into waterways and contaminate our rivers, lakes and underground aquifers. This portal provides answers to frequently asked questions about drinking water. It also provides links to state and federal agencies that can provide more information about these topics, as well as statewide water interest groups that have more details about individual water providers. SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports QUESTIONS ANSWERED • Is my tap water safe to drink? • What is the source of my water? • What is in my drinking water? • How is my drinking water treated? • How is my drinking water made safe? • How safe is groundwater? Surface water? • Drinking water FAQ (including taste/smell and other general questions) • Who do I contact about my water? SELECT YOUR WATER SYSTEM? <Various links to our pages> <Links to pages via meta-data> Service Area Boundary System Information

  5. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CLOSE CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Click on a county, or enter a system ID number or name below Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Treatment l Made Safe l Contacts Sacramento Home  Safe To Drink ID System Name CA3400204 7042 FOLSOM LLC WATER SYSTEM CA3400352 ACORN MOBILE VILLAGE CA3400429 ADESA OF SACRAMENTO CA3400100 ALAMAR MARINA CA3400278 AMERICAN RIVER COLLEGE CA3400424 ARCO AM PM CA3400271 ARCOHE ELEM SCHOOL - MAIN CAMPUS CA3400140 ASPEN GROVE MH & RV PARK CA3400103 B & W RESORT MARINA CA3400267 BATES ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CA3400380 BERT S DINER CA3400445 BING S MARKET CA3400387 BLUE DIAMOND GROWERS CA3400391 BRADSHAW CHRISTIAN SCHOOL CA3400382 BRADSHAW RANCH GOLF COURSE INC CA3400180 BRANCH CENTER [SWS] CA3410302 BRANNAN ISLAND STATE REC. AREA Is our Drinking Water safe? • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council Water is essential for life as we know it. Water grows our food, nurtures our landscapes and provides habitat for wildlife. Water powers turbines for electricity and serves as the lifeblood of industry. And, of course, we also depend on clean water to drink. In California, most residents get their drinking water piped through a public water system operated by a city or district agency or a private water company. In addition, about 4 million people get their water pumped from domestic or private wells. California’s drinking water supply is one of the safest in the world. Still, human and animal waste, industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals and other pollutants can seep into waterways and contaminate our rivers, lakes and underground aquifers. This portal provides answers to frequently asked questions about drinking water. It also provides links to state and federal agencies that can provide more information about these topics, as well as statewide water interest groups that have more details about individual water providers. SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports QUESTIONS ANSWERED • Is my tap water safe to drink? • What is the source of my water? • What is in my drinking water? • How is my drinking water treated? • How is my drinking water made safe? • How safe is groundwater? Surface water? • Drinking water FAQ (including taste/smell and other general questions) • Who do I contact about my water? SELECT YOUR WATER SYSTEM? <Various links to our pages> <Links to pages via meta-data> Service Area Boundary System Information Carmichael Water District CA3410004 Population Served: 38492 Service Type: Community Number Connections: 11242 Number Wells: 7 Number Intakes: 1 Number Interties: 3 Number of treatment plants: 1 Primary Service: Residential 2012 Water Production: 3349 million gallons Gallons-per-capita-day: 202 Web Site: http://www.carmichaelwd.org

  6. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants | Contacts Safe To Drink  Tap Water Tap Water • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports What is in the tap water that is delivered to me?

  7. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants | Contacts Safe To Drink  Tap Water Is in my tap water safe to drink? • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council • WATER BEING ‘SAFE’ • All drinking water has contaminants, some harmful, some benign, some in large concentrations, and some in low. • The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines drinking water as “safe” when it can be consumed by humans with low risk of immediate or long-term harm. It must have low concentrations of harmful contaminants below an acceptable level. • Not all harmful contaminants are regulated, and private domestic wells are not subject to regulatory oversight. • The EPA sets standards for many harmful contaminants under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), and the California Department of Public Health, Drinking Water Program, regulates public water systems as delegated by the EPA. SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports <Link to EPA SDWA page> “SAFE” TAP WATER QUESTIONS ANSWERED <Link to treatment page> • Drinking water supplied by public water systems receives appropriate treatment to reduce and/or remove any regulated contaminants that pose a public health threat. That doesn’t mean that drinking water is free of all contaminants, but that the levels of any regulated contaminant in the water does not pose any serious health risk. • Your water utility or public works department can tell you what harmful contaminants are in your water supply and the concentration of each. • The list of harmful contaminants includes: • Disease-causing bacteria, viruses and protozoa • Cancer-causing chemicals -- pesticides, organic solvents, petroleum products and some metals • Nitrates and nutrients, endocrine-disrupting compounds and other acutely toxic substances. • What is reported in the Consumer Confidence Report for my water system? • Is my water drinkable if there are harmful contaminants in my tap water? • Who regulates my water system? • What is the difference between a Public Health Goal (PHG) and a Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL)? <Link to home page map tool> What are harmful contaminants? How do I know if my drinking water is “safe”? <Link to CCR Page> <Link to EPA Health effects discussion> By July 1 of each year, public water suppliers are required to make available to their customers a drinking water quality report, called a Consumer Confidence Report or CCR. The report tells where your water comes from and what’s in it. Many reports can be found online. Also, water system routinely test their waterfor contaminant levels. If you have any questions, call your water supplier to get more information. Use our handy Contact Usform, or you can also call the EPA's Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 1-800-426-4791 to get information. <Link to water quality page> Who’s at risk? People are more susceptible to contaminants in drinking water if they have weakened immune systems or are young children, the elderly or pregnant or nursing mothers. The EPA and Center for Disease Control have an online reference guidance for people with severely weakened immune systems. <Link to CCR Request Page> What contaminants are in my tap water? Your water system collects and submits water samples to certified Environmental Health Laboratories. If you wish to see test results, please select a source within your water system and the Analyte that has been tested. Water Treatment Plant SOURCE Total Trihalomethanes ANALYTE <Link to pop-up definition lightbox> Carmichael Water District – CA3410004 – Water Treatment Plant Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM) mg/L (ppb) versus Time ;’ ‘;

  8. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL CLOSE Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants | Contacts Safe To Drink  Tap Water Is in my tap water safe to drink? • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council • WATER BEING ‘SAFE’ • All drinking water has contaminants, some harmful, some benign, some in large concentrations, and some in low. • The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines drinking water as “safe” when it can be consumed by humans with low risk of immediate or long-term harm. It must have low concentrations of harmful contaminants below an acceptable level. • Not all harmful contaminants are regulated, and private domestic wells are not subject to regulatory oversight. • The EPA sets standards for many harmful contaminants under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), and the California Department of Public Health, Drinking Water Program, regulates public water systems as delegated by the EPA. Legend of Water Quality Test Results Source – the reference number and name of the intake, well, or location where the water sample was taken Sampled – the date when the sample was taken Analyte – in this case, the name of the contaminant in the water whose level is being tested Result – the numeric value of the test result. If the result has the symbol <, then the result is less than the indicated value Units – the reporting units as milligrams per liter or parts per billion MCL – The highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. Primary MCLs are set as close to the Public Health Goal as is economically and technologically feasible. Secondary MCLs are set to protect the odor, taste and appearance of drinking water. SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports “SAFE” TAP WATER QUESTIONS ANSWERED <Link to treatment page> • Drinking water supplied by public water systems receives appropriate treatment to reduce and/or remove any regulated contaminants that pose a public health threat. That doesn’t mean that drinking water is free of all contaminants, but that the levels of any regulated contaminant in the water does not pose any serious health risk. • Your water utility or public works department can tell you what harmful contaminants are in your water supply and the concentration of each. • The list of harmful contaminants includes: • Disease-causing bacteria, viruses and protozoa • Cancer-causing chemicals -- pesticides, organic solvents, petroleum products and some metals • Nitrates and nutrients, endocrine-disrupting compounds and other acutely toxic substances. • What contaminants are in my tap water? • What is reported in the Consumer Confidence Report for my water system? • Is my water drinkable if there are harmful contaminants in my tap water? • Who regulates my water system? <Link to home page map tool> How do I know if my drinking water is “safe”? What are harmful contaminants? By July 1 of each year, public water suppliers are required to make available to their customers a drinking water quality report, called a Consumer Confidence Report or CCR. The report tells where your water comes from and what’s in it. Many reports can be found online. Also, water system routinely test their waterfor contaminant levels. If you have any questions, call your water supplier to get more information. Use our handy Contact Usform, or you can also call the EPA's Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 1-800-426-4791 to get information. Who’s at risk? People are more susceptible to contaminants in drinking water if they have weakened immune systems or are young children, the elderly or pregnant or nursing mothers. The EPA and Center for Disease Control have an online reference guidance for people with severely weakened immune systems. What contaminants are in my tap water? Your water system collects and submits water samples to certified Environmental Health Laboratories. If you wish to see test results, please select a source within your water system and the Analyte that has been tested. Carmichael Water District – CA3410004 – Water Treatment Plant Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM) mg/L (ppb) versus Time

  9. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants | Contacts Safe to Drink  Tap Water  Health Effects Drinking water, including bottled water, may reasonably be expected to contain at least small amounts of some contaminants. The presence of contaminants does not necessarily indicate that water poses a health risk. There are regulatory standards for over 90 contaminants and indicators in drinking water. The presence of indicators at a level outside of specified limits may reflect a problem in the treatment process or in the integrity of the distribution system. • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council There is a difference between a Public Health Goal (PHG) as set forth by the California Office of Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) and a Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) as established by the EPA and the CA Department of Public Health. To see health effects discussions associated with a PCG and MCL, please use the table below. SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports

  10. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants | Contacts Safe To Drink  Tap Water  Consumer Confidence Report What is reported in the Consumer Confidence Report for my water system? • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council • Consumer Confidence Reports (CCR) are mandated by both federal and state laws requiring public water systems to report annually upon the quality of drinking water served by that system to its customers. Summarizing, the information required in the report includes: • Sources used (i.e., rivers, lakes, reservoirs, or aquifers) • Detected contaminants in the water • Compliance on how the system is meeting drinking water contamination levels • Other educational information • Reports are due by July 1st reporting upon the quality of water for the previous calendar year. • Here’s a sample of a Consumer Confidence Report • CCRs are generally mailed to each individual account within the water system, not to each individual in the water system service area. The report would go to the owner of an apartment complex, but not necessarily mailed to each apartment renter. There is a requirement upon the water system, however, that reasonably effort be made to make available CCRs to all who ask for them and to promote to customers the availability of the CCR. • Recently, the EPA re-interpreted the requirement for mailing the CCR to now include posting of the CCR on a web site. Water systems may now convey a link on their bills or other notice to where the CCR may by viewed in lieu of having to mail individual copies. • Your water utility or public works department will send a CCR to you. Please navigate to our Contacts page and complete the form. The request will be sent directly to your water system. • Many CCRs are available on this web site. To see if the CCR for your system is available for viewing, click on the magnifying glass icon on the left. SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports CCR How do I get a copy of my CCR? On-line CCRs

  11. Carmichael Water District – CA 3410004 – Consumer Confidence Report

  12. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants | Contacts Safe To Drink  Water Sources Water Sources • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports What is the source of my water?

  13. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants l Contacts Safe To Drink  Water Sources What is the source of my water? • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council It starts with the HYDROLOGIC CYCLE The cycle begins with evaporation and transpiration of water from the Earth’s surfaces. As moist air is lifted, it cools and water vapor condenses to form clouds. Moisture is transported around the earth until it returns to the surface as rain or snow. Once the water reaches the ground, some may evaporate again, some becomes surface water, and some may penetrate the surface and become groundwater. The balance of water that remains on the Earth’s surface is runoff, which empties into lakes, rivers and streams and is carried back to the oceans, where the cycle begins again. SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports <Link to http://www.water-ed.org/watersources> Click diagram to enlarge <Link to workgroup page> Your drinking water comes from surface water sources for example, rivers, lakes, streams and reservoirs, or groundwater wells drilled into underground aquifers, or a blend of source waters. Source water is then treated to become drinking water. Large-scale water supply systems tend to rely on surface water resources, while smaller water systems tend to use groundwater sources. Your water utility or public works department can tell you the source of your public water supply. Water supplies vary from community to community and are dependent on city planning and population growth. For example, Sacramento claimed water rights early in the city’s history, in the 1800s, to assure ample supplies from nearby river sources. Many Southern California communities that saw population booms in the mid- to late-20thCentury do not have enough local water supplies and must import water – sometimes hundreds of miles away – via aqueducts from state or federal water projects. About 23 million Californians get a portion of their residential drinking water from a public water system that relies on the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, the California State Water Project, and the Central Valley Project. The Drinking Water Program of the Department of Public Health is responsible for permitting most public water systems. Two websites maintained by the Water Education Foundation and the Nature Conservancy provide source water information for the larger public water systems in the state. Click on the boxes to the right. Additional source water information is presented through links in the Questions Answered box, also to the right. Once water is received from the source, municipal drinking water is processed at a treatment plant to remove impurities and must meet health standards when it leaves the facility. From the treatment plant, typically an underground network of pipes delivers drinking water to homes and businesses. Some water distribution systems in large cities are extremely complex and can consist of thousands of miles of pipes serving millions of people. SOURCE WATER QUESTIONS ANSWERED 13 • What do we know about our water sources? • How do we assess the safety of our water sources? • What is the quality of our surface water sources? • Which surface waters are listed by the state as impaired for drinking-related uses? • What is the quality of our groundwater sources? • How do nitrate and other chemicals effect our groundwater sources? • How does contaminated site cleanup protect our groundwater sources? • What role does recycled water play? <Link to home page map tool> <Link to http://www.conserveca.org/what_you_can_do/your_water/index.htm?map=1&s_intc=conserveca_dm> How Does Water Get To My Faucet? <Link to Treatment page> WATER FACTS Water covers 71 percent of the Earth, but only 0.3 percent of all the water on the planet is available for human use. Over 97 percent of all of the world’s water is found in oceans and is too salty to drink. Another 2 percent is frozen in polar ice caps and glaciers. There is no “new” water on Earth whether the source is a stream, river, lake, spring or well. We are using the same water the dinosaurs used millions of years ago.

  14. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants l Contacts Safe To Drink  Water Sources  Source Info What do we know about our water sources? • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council SURFACE WATER AND GROUNDWATER SOURCES Surface and ground water supplies are readily used for drinking water sources because of their abundant supply, cost, and availability through water rights which guarantee the use of these sources for municipal and industrial uses. Water supplies, whether surface water or groundwater, throughout California are among the safest and cleanest in the world. The California Department of Public Health, Division of Drinking Water and Environmental Management, through the U.C. Davis Information Center for the Environment provide a service where you can locate information about your drinking water system. Click on the Drinking Water Watch button below  Enter your Water System Name or the County in which you live  Click the Search For Water Systems button  Select your water system from the list provided by clicking on its Water System Number You will be provided with many details about your water system, including:  Contact information Annual dates of operation Population served Number of service connections  A list of water sources for the system [Pop-up of key to abbreviations] What if my drinking water system is not listed in the Drinking Water Watch? Some drinking water systems are not listed if they are not permitted by California’s Drinking Water Program. If your system is not listed, please visit our Contacts page. SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports [When available, swap out for map-based selection tool.] <Link to http://www.drinc.ca.gov/DWW/> WHAT ABOUT SEA WATER? Sea water may be used for drinking water, but first it must have the salt removed (desalinated) before it can be treated to become fresh drinking water. But desalination requires a lot of energy. Salt dissolves very easily in water, forming strong chemical bonds, and those bonds are difficult to break. The energy required to break these bonds, and the required technology to desalinate water are both expensive and this means that desalinating water can be very costly. The cost of desalination varies widely from place to place, based on labor, energy costs, land prices, financial agreements, and even salt content of the water. It can cost from just under $1 to well over $2 to produce one cubic meter (254 gallons) of desalted water from the ocean. That's about as much as two people in the U.S. typically go through in a day home. But switch the source to a river or an aquifer, and the cost per cubic meter of drinking water can plummet to 10 to 20 cents, and farmers are often pay far less. So it is almost always cheaper to use local freshwater than to desalinate seawater. 14

  15. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants l Contacts Safe To Drink  Water Sources  Assess Safety How do we assess the safety of our water sources? • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council One of the best ways to protect drinking water quality is to make sure contaminants don’t get into the water supply in the first place. This can be more difficult than it seams, however. Surface water is vulnerable to all kinds of pollutants from just about everywhere. Anything that is placed or spilled onto the land, washed into the water, even airborne particles like pollen or smog finds its way into water supplies. The first step is to find out what’s in the water and where it is coming from. Understanding what’s in the water in the near-term and long term allows the state to create strategies to better protect surface water form industrial discharges, spills, urban runoff, and pesticides. Although chemical contamination is a concern, public health officials say that the biggest threat to public health is bacteria, viruses and parasites that thrive in water. Drinking water utilities that use surface water as a source are required to conduct a comprehensive sanitary survey of source watersheds, under the California Surface Water Treatment Rule. This survey must be updated every five years. The purpose of the survey is to identify actual SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports Watershed Sanitary Surveys or potential sources of contamination, or any other watershed-related factor, which might adversely affect the quality of water used for domestic drinking water. Specific objectives include:  Provide a general description of the local source water system.  Provide a general description of existing environmental conditions in the watersheds. Provide a quality assessment of water in the watersheds. Identify significant changes within the last five years that may affect source water quality. Review and evaluate selected constituents of interest to identify potential water quality or treatment issues at each water treatment plant or planned source water site. Assess the ability of existing water treatment plants to meet drinking water standards based on current regulatory framework, as well as comment on the appropriate level of treatment for pathogens, specifically for Giardia , viruses, and Cryptosporidium. Review and evaluate potential contaminating activities to identify potential impacts on source water quality. Potential contaminating activities are targeted that may have the most opportunity to affect source water quality and could benefit from additional preventative efforts, such as activities located in protection zones or activities that are predominant in the watershed. Develop recommendations for improving watershed management practices to protect the quality of the surface water sources. The Drinking Water Source Assessment Program (DWSAP) was conducted in response to the 1996 reauthorization of the federal Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), which included an amendment that required states to develop a program to assess sources of drinking water and encouraged states to establish protection programs. A drinking water source assessment is the first step in the development of a complete drinking water source protection program. The assessment includes a delineation of the area around a drinking water source through which contaminants might move and reach the drinking water supply. In addition, it includes an inventory of activities that might lead to the release of microbiological or chemical contaminants with in the delineated area. This enables a determination to be made as to whether the drinking water source might be vulnerable to contamination. California’s DWSAP was presented to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 1999. Click here for a complete description of the California DWSAP. Many Source Water Assessments are available online.View Public Water Sources with Completed Source Water Assessments Drinking Water Source Assessment Program

  16. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants l Contacts Safe To Drink  Water Sources  Surface Waters What is the quality of our surface water sources? <Link graphic to http://aquafornia.com/projects/SWPSlideshowCP/SWPSlideshowCP.swf> • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council The California State Water Project is a water storage and delivery system of reservoirs, aqueducts, power generating plants and pumping plants. It extends for more than 600 miles, two-thirds the length of California. Planned, constructed, and operated by the Department of Water Resources (DWR), the State Water Project is the largest state-built, multi-purpose water project in the U.S. It provides water supply to more than 25 million Californians in Northern California, the Bay Area, the San Joaquin Valley, the Central Coast and Southern California. The system also provides flood control, power generation, recreation, fish and wildlife protection, and water quality improvements in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports Measuring Delta Water Quality DWR’s Division of Operations & Maintenance (O&M) monitors surface water quality along the State Water Project at various locations, and the Environmental Water Quality and Estuarine Studies programand the Municipal Water Quality Investigations (MWQI) program monitors surface water quality in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, both for drinking water purposes. These are the longest continuous monitoring programs for drinking water constituents at DWR. Data are generated from discrete samples, called “grab” samples, collected at sampling sites throughout the State Water Project and the Delta (Sites and Constituents) as well as from real-time instrumentation which collects drinking water data 24 hours a day, 7 days per week. Information on sampling locations and constituents are available from O&M and MWQI. Data from the grab samples are available through the Water Data Library. Real-time data is available through the California Data Exchange Center. 16 Note:The information on sampling locations and constituents from either O&M or MWQI will make searching for data convenient because the easiest way to find the data your looking for is by using the Station Name or Station Number in either the WDL or CDEC. Additional real-time monitoring information is also available for the Environmental Water Quality and Estuarine Studies program. Much of MWQI'sreal-time data is collated into a daily document, the Real Time Data and Daily Summary Water Quality Report that integrates MWQI's real time data with modeling to show predicted and actual values of drinking water constituents of concern as well as volumetric fingerprints of source water contributions at selected locations in the Delta. This information is used by municipalities to provide an early warning snapshot of changes in water quality. The Program is actively involved in conducting both laboratory and field research on current and emerging drinking water contaminants of concern in the Delta.

  17. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants l Contacts Safe To Drink  Water Sources  Surface Water Quality Which Surface Waters Are Listed by the State as Impaired for Drinking-Related Uses? • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council • This interactive map shows which of California's surface waters are listed as impaired for uses related to sources of drinking water and which pollutants are involved. Also shown are the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) projects to reduce pollutants to acceptable levels. • Note: These listings are for waters that are to be protected as sources of municipal or domestic water supply as designated by the California Water Boards. Through treatment and blending, such waters may be made potable – meeting all drinking water standards– prior to being delivered to customers. Therefore, listing as “impaired” does not necessarily mean that customers are being served unsafe water at the tap. • View 2010 Impaired Waters Listing and current TMDL Information: • Click on a water body shown in RED, or • Select (or type) the county in the County box, then select the water body from the Water Body menu, or • Select (or type) the water body name directly in the Water Body box • Use the magnifier tool to zoom into an area of interest (more highlighted water bodies will appear) • Click on the state outline tool to return to a statewide view SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports 17 Note: This map was developed for fishing uses. A map for drinking water source uses will be developed. Impaired Water Bodies • Listing a water body as impaired in California is governed by the State Water Board's 303(d) Listing Policy. • The State and Regional Water Boards assess water quality data for California's waters every two years to determine if they contain pollutants at levels that exceed protective water quality criteria and standards. This biennial assessment is required under Section 303(d) of the federal Clean Water Act. • The map shows California waters that were placed on the State's most current (2006) 303(d) list and which pollutants they contain that could adversely impact drinking water sources. • View entire California 2010 303(d) List

  18. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants l Contacts Safe To Drink  Water Sources  Groundwater What is the quality of our groundwater sources? • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council Over 95 percent of the 38 million California residents get their drinking water from a public or municipal source - these supplies are typically treated to ensure that the water is safe to drink. Combined, Californians use more groundwater than any other state in the country, equal to about 15 billion gallons per day. However, up to 2 million California residents are served either by the estimated 250,000 to 600,000 private domestic wells or by water systems serving fewer than 15 service connections. The California Department of Public Health’s (CDPH) Drinking Water Program does not regulate the quality of water from either of these sources, so owners are responsible for maintaining their well and are encouraged to test their well water quality. Visit Concerned About Your Well’s Water Qualityfor more information. Californians served by a public water system should also be concerned about groundwater quality since nearly nine out of ten systems rely on groundwater for at least a portion of their supply. Contaminated groundwater results in treatment, well closures, or new well construction, which increases costs for consumers. California’s reliance on groundwater increases during times of drought and will continue to increase with the growing demand from municipal, agricultural, and industrial sources. Due to California’s reliance on groundwater, and because many community water systems are entirely reliant on groundwater for their drinking water supply, contamination of this resource can have far-reaching consequences. Having clean water is critical to sustain society and the environment, as well as business, industry, and agriculture. Comprehensive monitoring of groundwater is critical in managing our water resources. How do nitrate and other chemicals effect our groundwater sources? SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports 18 <Links to Contaminants page> GAMA – Providing a Better Understanding of California’s Groundwater The State Water Board’s Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program is California's comprehensive groundwater quality monitoring program. The GAMA Priority Basin Project, in coordination with the USGS, assesses groundwater basins that account for over 95 percent of all groundwater used for public drinking . Common contaminants regulated by the CDPH, and unregulated chemicals such as pharmaceuticals, chemicals of emerging concern, isotopes, and age-dating tracers are tested, most at extremely low detection limits. The GAMA Program also samples private wells from volunteer well owners as part of the Domestic Well Project, and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) uses state-of-the-art methods to better understand contamination, like pioneering the use of tritium-helium groundwater age dating techniques as part of the Special Studies Project. GAMA Program Fact Sheet The GeoTracker GAMA groundwater information system integrates and geographically displays water quality data on a publically-accessible online interface. Its analytical tools and reporting features help users assess groundwater quality and identify potential groundwater issues. GeoTracker GAMA contains over 125 million data records from different sources such as cleanup sites, well logs, CDPH public supply drinking water quality, water levels from Department of Water Resources, Department of Pesticide Regulation, USGS GAMA Priority Basin, GAMA Domestic Well, and LLNL Special Studies Projects. GeoTracker GAMA Fact Sheet CALIFORNIA GROUNDWATER FACTS There is almost 30 times more water stored in aquifers than in all the lakes and rivers combined in the US The state’s groundwater storage capacity is more than 10 times that of all its surface reservoirs.  California is among the top 4 states for groundwater usage Individual, domestic wells are cost-effective, dependable safe drinking water systems for 1,626,174 people or at least 464,621 households in California The economic value of groundwater in the U.S. is $22 billion annually .

  19. Nitrate Arsenic Perchlorate Dissolved Solids (salt) State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants l Contacts Safe To Drink  Water Sources  Groundwater Quality How do chemical contaminants effect our groundwater sources? • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council Many groundwater basins throughout California are contaminated with either naturally occurring or anthropogenic pollutants (human induced, not naturally found in groundwater), or both. As a result, many water systems in the state incur significant costs to remove the contaminants from the groundwater before serving it to their customers as drinking water. Approximately 98 percent of Californians using a public water supply receive safe drinking water that meets all public health standards, even though some groundwater sources may contain elevated concentrations of contaminants. This map allows for direct queries to the GeoTracker GAMA information system. Simply select the contaminant you would like to view from the drop-down box. This opens a new tab in your browser. CONTAMINANTS IN CALIFORNIA GROUNDWATER Select contaminant  Click on map to explore SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports Static nitrate map from GeoTracker GAMA. Clicking on the map takes users to interactive GeoTracker GAMA pre-set to show nitrate; allows users to navigate and to change the constituent of interest. WHAT DO COLORS MEAN? Green– Well was sampled for contaminant but was not detected. Yellow– Maximum contaminant result in well is less than ½ the drinking water standard. Orange– Maximum contaminant result in well is greater than ½ the drinking water standard, but less than the drinking water standard. Red – Maximum contaminant result in well is above a drinking water standard. If the icon is a cluster, then one or more wells in that cluster had a result above a drinking water standard. Note: Levels of contaminants in groundwater does not necessarily indicate that water utility customers are being served water at these levels. What if you are not served by a Public Water System or you get your water from a private well? <Add definitions of supply well types> According to the recent State Water Board Report to the legislature, Communities that Rely on a Contaminated Source for Drinking Water, (January 2013), the top two principal contaminants in California’s groundwater are arsenic and nitrate, respectively. Arsenic is a naturally occurring, inorganic contaminant found at high concentrations throughout the state. Its presence in groundwater is not the result of pollution, but rather minerals dissolving from weathered rocks and soils. Its locations of highest concentrations vary with differences in local climate and geology. Nitrate is an anthropogenic contaminant (human induced, not naturally found in groundwater) directly related to the amount of nitrogen added to the land surface, and the degree to how easily it can leach to a groundwater aquifer. Nitrate contamination affects many groundwater-dependent systems in California, including more than 200,000 people in small and household wells in the Tulare Lake and Salinas basins. Nitrate can pose significant health risks at concentrations above the public health drinking water standard of 45 mg/L. High concentrations of nitrate in groundwater are most often caused by high amounts of nitrogen-containing fertilizer application (synthetic and manure), confined animal operations (animal waste applied to the land surface), and septic systems, along with soil types that easily allow nitrate to leach to groundwater. Two other contaminants that are of increasing concern to California’s groundwater contamination are salinity (salty water) and perchlorate. Perchlorate is a salt that occurs naturally in the atmosphere at low concentrations, and most often in arid environments. Industrial activities such as rocket fuel manufacturing and facilities that store, use, and test pyrotechnics, explosives or ammunition can contaminate our groundwater sources. Insufficient landfill management and improper disposal can also allow any <Link to box at bottom of page> CALIFORNIA GROUNDWATER INFORMATION GAMA Program Fact Sheet GeoTracker GAMA Fact Sheet Groundwater Fact Sheet Testing Your Private Domestic Well GAMA Program Constituents of Concern Informational Sheets Areas of California Vulnerable to Groundwater Pollution Recent Reports to the Legislature Communities that Rely on a Contaminated Groundwater Source for Drinking Water (January 2013) Recommendations Addressing Nitrate in Groundwater (February 2013) Public Accessibility to Information about Groundwater Conditions (December 2010) US EPA Reports Drinking Water from Household Wells unspent perchlorate to seep into groundwater. Perchlorate greatly impacts human health by interfering with iodide uptake into the thyroid gland. In adults, the thyroid gland helps regulate the metabolism by releasing hormones, while in children, the thyroid helps in proper development. • WHAT IF YOU ARE NOT SERVED BY A PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM OR YOU GET YOUR WATER FROM A PRIVATE WELL? • If you are not served by a Public Water System, your water is not likely tested for contaminants. This is usually the case if you receive no water bill, if you draw water from a private well, or if your water provider serves less than 25 residents or 15 residential units year-round. If this is your case, you should test your water annually and more often if you have an infant in the house. • Click here to find a certified laboratory in your area or • Contact the California Department of Public Health at (510) 620-3155 • Usually laboratories provide their own containers and procedures and some send technicians to take samples at your home. Tests are generally available from your County Environmental Health Department and typically cost approximately $20. • What if I find a problem? • Loan and grant assistance programs may be available to help rehabilitate private wells, septic systems, and other housing issues, particularly if you are low-income and over 62 years old or are a current or retired farm worker. Contact Self Help Enterprises at 559-651-1000 for more information. If you find out that bacteria are present or a contaminant is over a maximum contaminant level (MCL), you should immediately notify everyone using your well and look for ways to solve the problem, such as disinfecting the well or installing a treatment device.

  20. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Treatment l Made Safe l Contaminants l Contacts Home  Safe To Drink  Water Sources  Site Cleanups How does contaminated site cleanup protect our groundwater sources? • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council In many areas of the state, contaminated sites have polluted or threaten to pollute California’s groundwater and surface water resources. In a number of cases, drinking water intakes and wells have been affected. Cleaning up these sites is often a long and costly process, but is critical to supplying California’s demand for drinking water. Federal, state and local agencies regulate and oversees the investigation and cleanup of sites where recent or historical unauthorized releases of pollutants to the environment – including soil, groundwater, surface water, and sediment – have occurred. Cleanup sites are varied and include, military facilities, pesticide and fertilizer facilities, rail yards, ports, equipment supply facilities, metals facilities, industrial manufacturing and maintenance sites, dry cleaners, bulk transfer facilities, refineries, and some brownfields. Some of these releases are from strictly petroleum underground storage tanks (USTs). The types of pollutants encountered at the sites are plentiful and diverse and include solvents, pesticides, heavy metals, and fuel constituents to name a few. The Geotracker database is the storehouse of site information for cleanup sites that the California Regional Water Boards oversee; the database also stores information for cleanup sites that are overseen by cities, counties, and health agencies in the State. To find a site: Go to Geotrackerand enter the site name or city in the search field shown Then click on the box shown on the map that is displayed that corresponds to the desired location Use the advanced search toolfind cleanup sites of interest site/facility name, address, city, county, zip code, site/facility type, cleanup status, and Regional Water Board jurisdiction. The California Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) database Envirostor can also be used to find cleanup sites that are primarily overseen by DTSC. Click on the map to the left to explore the Envirostor system. SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports Are There Cleanup Sites Near Me? <Link map to http://geotracker.waterboards.ca.gov/> <Link map to http://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/> Groundwater Remediation-Reuse Example Additional protection of groundwater source waters is accomplished through groundwater remediation. Groundwater remediation is the process of removing various types of contaminants from groundwater water supplies, making the water fit for beneficial use. Efforts made to clean up groundwater contaminated with N‐Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), a byproduct associated with liquid rocket engine testing at the Aerojet facility in Rancho Cordova, in Carmichael Water District (CWD) is an example of a successful groundwater remediation project. Through a cooperative effort groundwater extraction and treatment facilities were constructed as a remedy to stop migration of NDMA to any of CWD’s water supply wells and remediate the groundwater. Once treated, the cleaned groundwater provides irrigation for a local golf course. Follow this link for more information regarding CWD’s remediation project. <Link to http://www.carmichaelwd.org/index.php/water-quality-2/groundwater-remediation-efforts-updates/>

  21. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants | Contacts Safe To Drink  Water Sources  Recycled Water What Role Does Recycled Water Play • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council With only one percent of water on our planet available for human use, new and resourceful ways to increase the life of our potable water supplies is essential. One way to extend our water resources is through recycled water. Water recycling, also known as reclamation or reuse, is the treating and managing of municipal, industrial, or agricultural wastewater to produce water that can be productively utilized. Recycled water is a reliable, economically feasible and environmentally sensitive means to maximize California's water resources, assist with drought prevention, and reduce the demand on freshwater systems. Water recycling offers a climate independent water source that is dependable, locally-controlled, and generally beneficial to the environment. Through water recycling communities become less dependent on groundwater and surface water sources. SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports What is a Recycled Water? 21 <Link to workgroup page> The reuse of water as a non-potable supply is nothing new for California. As early as the 1800s farmers began using wastewater to grow crops and others started using it for landscape irrigation. California water agencies and communities have been recycling water for decades with great success. In fact the first reclaimed water facility in California was built at San Francisco's Golden Gate Park in 1932. With many new recycling projects coming online and others in the planning stages, the amount of water recycled in California is expected to greatly expand in the near future. History RECYCLED WATER QUESTIONS ANSWERED How is recycled water treated? What are the uses of recycled water? <Links to page 2> <Links to page 3> California's Water: Water Recycling Imitates Nature <Map of California recycled water projects> <Link to http://vimeo.com/15957530> <Link to list of recycled water projects> Recycled Water Projects Eastern Municipal Water District http://emwd.org/index.aspx?page=149 Western Municipal Water District http://wmwd.com/index.aspx?nid=187 Orange County Water District’s Groundwater Replenishment System http://www.gwrsystem.com/

  22. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants | Contacts Safe To Drink  Water Sources  Recycled Water What Role Does Recycled Water Play • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council The process used for water recycling includes basic physical, biological and chemical principles to remove contaminants from water. Use of mechanical or physical systems is generally referred to as primary treatment. The further biological treatment processes is known as secondary treatment. Additional purification is called tertiary treatment. Primary treatment uses mechanical and physical processes such as screens to remove roughly half of the impurities from wastewater. Secondary treatment uses biological methods to remove most of the residual contaminants. Oxygen is mixed with the water in basins. Any organic material is then consumed by bacterial microorganisms converting them into settable solids. These solids are settled in clarifier tanks. Tertiary treatment includes the removal of any remaining solids through filters. The water is treated further through chemical disinfection. How is recycled water treated? SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=c03koXEx9fs <Link to workgroup page> Primary and Secondary Wastewater Treatment The Water Education Foundation’s online water encyclopedia, Aquapedia, is a great resource for information regarding Water Recycling and other water related subjects. <Link to http://www.aquapedia.com/> Click to Enlarge Image • Purple Pipe • Purple pipe is used to carry recycled water. The purple color lets everyone know that the water conveyed inside the pipe or fixtures is recycled. The colored pipes create an underground delivery system that's separate from potable water infrastructure and have become the global standard for identifying alternate water supply systems. Greywater Greywater is generally defined as household wastewater from bathroom sinks, showers, and tubs that does not contain serious contaminants such as toilets discharge. Using grey water is a sustainable concept that can be implemented to augment freshwater supplies. Greywater is typically used for irrigation or other uses such as filling toilet bowls. Like Recycled water, the use of greywater results in lower fresh water use. Reusing greywater also reduces the amount of waste water entering sewer or septic systems. On August 4, 2009, California Plumbing Code adopted new regulations to help provide flexibility with water reuse systems. For more information on greywater systems in Californian visit greywateraction.org. <Link to http://greywateraction.org/content/requirements-no-permit-systems-california>

  23. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants | Contacts Safe To Drink  Water Sources  Recycled Water What Role Does Recycled Water Play • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council Depending on the level of treatment, recycled water can be utilized in many ways to satisfy water demands. Once the water is treated to meet regulatory guidelines it can be used for: • Food crop irrigation • New home construction • Groundwater recharge • Wetlands, wildlife habitat, stream augmentation • Industrial cooling processes • Landscape and golf course irrigation • Toilet flushing • Vehicle washing • Recreational use • Seawater barrier According to the California Department of Water Resources, over 525,000 acre-feet of wastewater is recycled each year. About half of that (48%) is used for agricultural irrigation. Another 20% is used for landscape irrigation, and about 12% is used for groundwater recharge. In future years, experts predict California will recycle even more wastewater. A target of achieving close to 1 million acre-feet of recycled wastewater in coming decades has been set. That level of recycling will go a long way toward meeting the needs of the 17 million additional residents California will have by 2030 and reducing dependency on freshwater supplies. What are the uses of recycled water? SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports 23 <Link to workgroup page> Direct and Indirect Recycled Water Use Click to Enlarge Image Recycled water has been proven beneficial for many communities. Recycled water can be used to: • Control water pollution • Restore wetlands and marshes • Forestall a water shortage by conserving freshwater • Provide additional reliable local sources of water, nutrients and organic matter for soil conditioning • Provide drought protection • Improve the economic efficiency of investments in pollution control and irrigation projects • Improve social benefits by creating more jobs and improving human and environmental health protection What are the benefits of recycled water? Recycled Water Legislation AB 331: Assembly Bill No. 331 was passed by the California Legislature, and signed into law by Governor Gray Davis on October 7, 2001. The bill required the creation of the 2002 Recycled Water Task Force (Task Force) to identify constraints, impediments, and opportunities for the increased use of recycled water and report to the Legislature by July 1, 2003. Although water recycling includes treatment of a broad range of wastewater sources, the Task Force decided to focus on the planned reuse of treated municipal wastewater; specifically, the financial/economic, regulatory, and social issues that typically arise in water recycling projects. Follow this link to view the Task Force report. <Link to> http://www.water.ca.gov/pubs/use/water_recycling_2030/recycled_water_tf_report_2003.pdf SB 322: On October 8, 2013 California Governor Jerry Brown signed Senate Bill No. 322, which requires the California Department of Public Health in consultation with the California State Water Resources Control Board to investigate the feasibility of developing uniform water recycling criteria for direct potable reuse of recycled water. <Link to> http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB322 Recycled Water Links State Water Resources Control Board http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/water_recycling_policy/ California Department of Health Services www.dhs.ca.gov/ps/ddwem/waterrecycling/default.htm California Department of Water Resources http://www.water.ca.gov/recycling/ WateReuse Association http://www.watereuse.org/

  24. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Treatment l Made Safe l Contacts Home  Safe To Drink  Water Sources  Recycled Water What Role Does Recycled Water Play • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council Depending on the level of treatment, recycled water can be utilized in many ways to satisfy water demands. Once the water is treated to meet regulatory guidelines it can be used for: • Food crop irrigation • New home construction • Groundwater recharge • Wetlands, wildlife habitat, stream augmentation • Industrial cooling processes • Landscape and golf course irrigation • Toilet flushing • Vehicle washing • Recreational use • Seawater barrier According to the California Department of Water Resources, over 525,000 acre-feet of wastewater is recycled each year. About half of that (48%) is used for agricultural irrigation. Another 20% is used for landscape irrigation, and about 12% is used for groundwater recharge. In future years, experts predict California will recycle even more wastewater. A target of achieving close to 1 million acre-feet of recycled wastewater in coming decades has been set. That level of recycling will go a long way toward meeting the needs of the 17 million additional residents California will have by 2030 and reducing dependency on freshwater supplies. What are the uses of recycled water? SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports 24 <Link to workgroup page> Direct and Indirect Recycled Water Use Click to Enlarge Image Recycled water has been proven beneficial for many communities. Recycled water can be used to: • Control water pollution • Restore wetlands and marshes • Forestall a water shortage by conserving freshwater • Provide additional reliable local sources of water, nutrients and organic matter for soil conditioning • Provide drought protection • Improve the economic efficiency of investments in pollution control and irrigation projects • Improve social benefits by creating more jobs and improving human and environmental health protection What are the benefits of recycled water? Recycled Water Legislation AB 331: Assembly Bill No. 331 was passed by the California Legislature, and signed into law by Governor Gray Davis on October 7, 2001. The bill required the creation of the 2002 Recycled Water Task Force (Task Force) to identify constraints, impediments, and opportunities for the increased use of recycled water and report to the Legislature by July 1, 2003. Although water recycling includes treatment of a broad range of wastewater sources, the Task Force decided to focus on the planned reuse of treated municipal wastewater; specifically, the financial/economic, regulatory, and social issues that typically arise in water recycling projects. Follow this link to view the Task Force report. <Link to> http://www.water.ca.gov/pubs/use/water_recycling_2030/recycled_water_tf_report_2003.pdf SB 322: On October 8, 2013 California Governor Jerry Brown signed Senate Bill No. 322, which requires the California Department of Public Health in consultation with the California State Water Resources Control Board to investigate the feasibility of developing uniform water recycling criteria for direct potable reuse of recycled water. <Link to> http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB322 Recycled Water Links State Water Resources Control Board http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/water_recycling_policy/ California Department of Health Services www.dhs.ca.gov/ps/ddwem/waterrecycling/default.htm California Department of Water Resources http://www.water.ca.gov/recycling/ WateReuse Association http://www.watereuse.org/

  25. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants | Contacts Safe To Drink  Made Safe  Treatment Made Safe • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports How is my water made safe?

  26. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants | Contacts Safe To Drink  Made Safe  Treatment Why is my water treated? Sources of drinking water are subject to contamination and require appropriate treatment to remove disease-causing contaminants. The presence of contaminants in water can lead to adverse health effects, including gastrointestinal illness, reproductive problems, and neurological disorders. Infants, young children, pregnant women, the elderly, and people whose immune systems are compromised because of AIDS, chemotherapy, or transplant medications, may be especially susceptible to illness from some contaminants. • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council Your drinking water comes from either surface water sources (rivers, lakes, springs, reservoirs) or ground water wells drilled into underground aquifers. Depending on the quality of the source of the water, the water may need to be treated to remove contaminants and meet health standards. Some water systems also provide additional treatment to make water more aesthetically pleasing. SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports For well information, visit the Groundwater Information Center The types of treatment processes and facilities used to achieve safe drinking water are dictated primarily by the quality of the source water and the regulatory requirements that must be met. Typical ground water treatment processes often differ from treatment for surface water sources because all surface water sources are assumed to be contaminated by harmful microorganisms like Giardia. The water quality found in surface water varies greatly and is highly dependent on the type of water body and watershed characteristics. Therefore, surface water systems and systems with sources that are ground water under the influence of surface water usually require treatment methods that will physically remove pathogens. Drinking water supplies in the United States are among the safest in the world. 26 Ground water systems are different than systems using surface water, in that ground water systems often have natural filtration through the aquifer material. The construction of the well determines where ground water is being drawn from. Geology and hydrogeology play a significant role in determining water quantity and quality. Wells located near one another may not have the same water quality, nor produce the same quantitydepending on the local hydrogeology and well construction. Ground water systems may require treatment to remove nitrate/nitrite, synthetic organic contaminants, volatile organic contaminants, radiological contamination, or other aesthetic water quality contaminants (e.g., iron, manganese, color, and/or taste and odor). [Link to DWR Integrated Water Resources Information System - a data management tool for water resources data. It is a web based GIS application that allows you to access, integrate, query, and visualize multiple sets of data. http://www.water.ca.gov/iwris/

  27. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants | Contacts Safe To Drink  Made Safe  Treatment  How How is my water treated? To find out how your water is treated please contact your drinking water supplier on your water bill, use our Contacts page to get contact information, or contact the California Department of Public Health Office in the district you water system is located. <DISTRICT OFFICE LINK HERE> The type of treatment that water receives depends on the type and quality of source water. Water extracted from an uncontaminated, subterranean aquifer using a correctly constructed drinking water well may often receive minimal treatment prior to being sent to customers. Water from a river flowing through uncontrolled wilderness may receive extensive treatment to ensure that pathogens are removed from the water and are prevented from reestablishing after treatment. A typical water system that uses groundwater from aquifers will usually only need to inject a small amount of disinfecting substances like ozone or chlorine to eliminate the pathogens that manage to penetrate the soil and reach the aquifer, and the disinfectant is often added as a safeguard rather than a necessity. Other water systems may use ultraviolet radiation to achieve a similar result. • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports <Link to workgroup page> A water system that uses either a surface water or a shallow underground water source contaminated by surface water, such as a lake, river, or spring, will likely be required to provide filtration and disinfection treatment. Filtration methods can vary from simply allowing water to flow through a biologically active sand media to forcing the water through microscopic pores in a membrane. Filtering removes pathogens while disinfection kills or inactivates them so they can no longer cause disease. Some water sources may be contaminated with substances which can be harmful to humans at certain concentrations, such as nitrate or arsenic, and require specialized treatment. Other aquifers may be contaminated with substances that aren’t harmful to humans but cause the water to be unpleasant to use, and that water will also often receive treatment. For a more detailed look at frequently used types of treatment <CLICK HERE GOTO TREATMENT EXAMP> WATER FACTS The first large-scale continuous application in the United States of disinfectant (calcium hypochlorite) to water was in Jersey City in 1908 designed and built by John Leal, M.D., and George W. Fuller, engineer.  Not all pathogens are alike, and some are more resistant to certain techniques than others. Finding a comprehensive solution is a duty that water systems and regulators share.

  28. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants | Contacts Safe To Drink  Made Safe  Regulator Who regulates my water system? (Expand out to full page when map clicked) • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council The EPA designates the California Department of Public Health, Drinking Water Program, the primary regulator of all water systems within the State. This program oversees water recycling projects, permits water treatment devices, certifies drinking water treatment and distribution operators, supports and promotes water system security, provides support for improving technical, managerial, and financial (TMF) capacity, and provides funding opportunities for water system improvements. There are 23 districts within the Drinking Water program illustrated in the map below. The program has delegated regulatory authority for water system having less than 200 service connections to local county environmental health authorities. REGULATORY QUESTIONS ANSWERED Who regulates water system with less than 200 service connections? SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports Please select another water system to view the regulator’s contact information. Regulatory Contact Information PWS ID: CA3410004 System Name: Carmichael Water District 7787 Fair Oaks Blvd. Carmichael CA 95608 (916) 483-2452 System Contact: Chris Nelson cnelson@carmichaelwd.org Regulator: Drinking Water Program District 09 – Sacramento 1616 Capitol Ave POB 997377 MS 7400 Sacramento CA 95899 District Engineer: Ali Rezvani (916) 445-5285 Arezvani@cdph.ca.gov 28

  29. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Treatment l Made Safe l Contacts Home  Safe To Drink  Made Safe  Regulator Who regulates my water system? (Expand out to full page when map clicked) • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council The EPA designates the California Department of Public Health, Drinking Water Program, the primary regulator of all water systems within the State. This program oversees water recycling projects, permits water treatment devices, certifies drinking water treatment and distribution operators, supports and promotes water system security, provides support for improving technical, managerial, and financial (TMF) capacity, and provides funding opportunities for water system improvements. There are 23 districts within the Drinking Water program illustrated in the map below. The program has delegated regulatory authority for water system having less than 200 service connections to local county environmental health authorities. REGULATORY QUESTIONS ANSWERED Who regulates water system with less than 200 service connections? SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports Please select another water system to view the regulator’s contact information. Regulatory Contact Information PWS ID: CA3410004 System Name: Carmichael Water District 7787 Fair Oaks Blvd. Carmichael CA 95608 (916) 483-2452 System Contact: Chris Nelson cnelson@carmichaelwd.org Regulator: Drinking Water Program District 09 – Sacramento 1616 Capitol Ave POB 997377 MS 7400 Sacramento CA 95899 District Engineer: Ali Rezvani (916) 445-5285 Arezvani@cdph.ca.gov 29

  30. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants | Contacts Safe To Drink  Made Safe  Local County Primacy Agencies Who regulates my water system? (Expand out to full page when map clicked) • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council Some 39 county agencies, with which the Department of Public Health, Drinking Water Program, has contracts, regulate water system of less than 200 service connections. Those counties include: Alpine Merced San Luis Obispo Amador Mono Santa Barbara Butte Monterey Santa Cruz Calaveras Napa Shasta Contra Costa Nevada Stanislaus El Dorado Placer Tehama Imperial Plumas Tulare Inyo Riverside Yolo Los Angeles Sacramento Yuba Madera San Bernardino San Diego San Joaquin REGULATORY QUESTIONS ANSWERED Who regulates water system with 200 or more service connections? SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports Please select another water system to view the regulator’s contact information. Regulatory Contact Information PWS ID: CA3410004 System Name: Carmichael Water District 7787 Fair Oaks Blvd. Carmichael CA 95608 (916) 483-2452 System Contact: Chris Nelson cnelson@carmichaelwd.org Regulator: Drinking Water Program District 09 – Sacramento 1616 Capitol Ave POB 997377 MS 7400 Sacramento CA 95899 District Engineer: Ali Rezvani (916) 445-5285 Arezvani@cdph.ca.gov 30

  31. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants | Contacts Safe To Drink  Made Safe Treatment  Who Who is responsible for treating my water? • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council If you receive water from a public water system then it is responsible for ensuring that your water is safe, clean, and in adequate supply. Water suppliers come in many forms and sizes including cities, mutual water companies, and regional water suppliers. Sometimes the water will be directly supplied by a property owner, like a business park or an apartment complex, in which case that property owner is responsible for ensuring the quality of your water. Water suppliers will often have employees tasked with operating and maintaining the treatment equipment or will hire an operator on a contract basis. SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports Public water system treatment operators are required to be certified by the State of California by taking a test and providing evidence of both educational and work experience minimum standards, and meeting continuing education requirements to ensure that they are aware of current treatment methods and regulations. If you are interested in obtaining certification for water system operation, please follow the following <LINK TO CDPH OP CERT> for more information. If you are interested in contacting a certified operator please following the following link to the lists of registered operators in California <Link to operator lists> In some situations the water supplier will not serve enough people to meet the legal definition of a public water system (PWS <link to PWS info on main CDPH page>) and may not be required by state or county regulators to provide treatment. If your water system doesn’t meet the definition of a PWS, or if you own your water source, then you will likely be responsible for treating your water. Follow this link <LINK TO COMMON > to find out about common contaminants that you may want to sample your water for. If you are concerned that your water may be inadequately or improperly treated please contact the California Department of Public Health or your local county health office for more information. Q&A  Q: Are all water system operators the same? A: No. Some operators work at treatment plants while other operators may take care of the distribution system. Some water systems are small enough that a single operator can maintain the water system on a part-time basis. Q: If I own my drinking water well, do I need an operator? A: Not unless you serve that water to more homes, businesses, or people. Contact your local county health officials to find out if you are a public water system.

  32. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants | Contacts Safe To Drink  Made Safe Treatment  Regulation How do operators and regulators ensure that my treatment is working correctly? • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council Public water system staff, county health officials, and the California Department of Public Health work together to help ensure that your water is safe to drink and that treatment systems are working as intended. Treatment Monitoring Public water systems that contain treatment for specific contaminants will routinely perform monitoring of the treated water and report the results of the monitoring and any related treatment performance data. The data is reviewed by regulators to ensure both that the treatment is working and to better anticipate potential treatment failures. Most treatment methods require monthly submittals to regulators and some submittals will contain hundreds of data points for review. Distribution Sampling Not all contaminants come from the source waters. Water systems are required to routinely collect a variety of samples from the distribution system to ensure that the water coming from your tap remains uncontaminated. Common examples of distribution sampling are monthly coliform sampling requirements <link to TCR> and sampling for lead and copper <link to L&C on EPA>. Sanitary Surveys Regulators perform inspections of public drinking water systems to verify that water systems are operating their treatment systems correctly, protecting their source waters, and maintaining their distribution systems. Inspections also ensure that a water system has sufficiently trained staff to operate their water system, that a water system can safely provide enough water to its customers, and that a water system is sufficiently prepared for both common maintenance issues and emergencies <link to DWW inspections>. During an inspection a regulator will observe how the water system operates their treatment system and look for deficiencies in the treatment process. A surface water treatment plant may require hours of observation and examination to verify that all of the components are operating correctly and efficiently, and that indicators of upcoming failure are not present, while a groundwater treatment system will often require far less time to ensure safe operation. In all situations regulators may provide technical assistance <link to DDWEM publications or AWWA> and funding advice <link to funding> to help the water system better provide safe and clean water. SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports • DO INSPECTORS INSPECT EVERYTHING? • Regulators look at the following eight elements of a water system: • Sources • Treatment • Distribution Systems • Finished Water Storage • Pumps, pump facilities, and controls • Monitoring, reporting, and data verification • System management and operation • Operator compliance with California requirements • A water system that meets all of the regulatory requirements associated with each of those eight items is considered to be an Outstanding Performer.

  33. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants | Contacts Safe To Drink  Made Safe  Treatment Methods Examples of Water Treatment methods? • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council The types of treatment processes and facilities used to achieve safe drinking water are dictated primarily by the quality of the source water and the regulatory requirements that must be met. DISINFECTION • Chlorination – Gas, Hypochlorination, Onsite Generation, Chloramination • Ultra-Violet (UV) Light • Ozone SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports Ultra-violet disinfection SURFACE WATER TREATMENT • Options are in addition to Disinfection • Slow Sand Filtration • Rapid Sand Filtration • Alternative Technology • “Bag” Cartridge • Membrane • Diatomaceous Earth • Fluoridation Slow sand filtration GROUNDWATER TREATMENT • Disinfection may be part of the treatment process or in addition to. • Oxidation • Sequesters / Filtration • Corrosion Control • Reverse Osmosis • Ion Exchange • Aeration • Fluoridation • TO LEARN MORE ABOUT TREATMENT, VISIT: • National Drinking Water Clearinghouse • EPA - Drinking Water Treatability Database • EPA - Arsenic Virtual Trade Show • American Water Works Association • Washington State Office of Drinking Water Arsenic adsorption

  34. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants | Contacts Safe To Drink  Made Safe  Treatment Methods Examples of Disinfection treatment methods • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council CHLORINATION Chlorination is the most common disinfection method used by water systems in the United States. Most systems utilize gas or hypochlorination using sodium hypochlorite. Sodium hypochlorite is similar to bleach you might use for laundry and household cleaning. While chlorine is the most common, there are other methods of disinfection used in California such as Ozone, Ultraviolet (UV) light, Chlorine Dioxide and Chloramination. The type of disinfectant used is based on the type of source, the source water quality, the overall treatment goal and on the design and condition of the distribution system. SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports Insert UV graphic 34 All chemicals added to drinking water must be certified by the National Sanitation Foundation (NSF). [add link] Insert ozone graphic • TO LEARN MORE ABOUT TREATMENT: • National Drinking Water Clearinghouse – refer to Tech Briefs • EPA - Drinking Water Treatability Database • EPA - Arsenic Virtual Trade Show • American Water Works Association • Washington State Office of Drinking Water

  35. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants | Contacts Safe To Drink  Made Safe  Treatment Methods Examples of Surface Water treatment methods • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council CONVENTIONAL FILTRATION The most widely used technology for removing turbidity and microbial contaminants from surface water supplies includes coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation, followed by filtration. Conventional treatment plants typically use aluminum or iron compounds in the coagulation processes. Generally, gravity filters with sand, dual, or mixed media filters are used. Some of the common treatment processes for surface and ground water are discussed below. Pretreatment. Pretreatment is a physical, chemical, or mechanical process that removes some impurities or alters some of the objectionable characteristics of water (such as taste and odor, iron and manganese, organics, or hardness) before it is treated further. On occasion, chemical addition to alter the water quality is the only treatment technique used. This technique may include corrosion control, iron and manganese sequestering, disinfection, and fluoridation. Coagulation and Flocculation. Coagulation and flocculation are chemical and physical processes to improve the particulate and colloid-reduction efficiency of subsequent settling or filtration processes. Coagulation involves feeding chemicals to destabilize the similar charges on suspended particles, allowing them to coalesce and thereby begin to form floc. Flocculation, which partly overlaps the coagulation, requires gentle mixing of destabilized particles to form floc that can be removed by settling or filtering. Sedimentation. Sedimentation follows coagulation and flocculation. In sedimentation, the velocity of the water is reduced to allow the flocculated particles to settle out and be removed before filtration. Filtration. Filtration is the passage of water through a porous filtering medium, such as sand, anthracite, or other granular material, to remove most of the remaining destabilized particulate impurities and floc. Disinfection. Disinfection is the process of destroying pathogenic organisms using chlorine, certain chlorine compounds, or other means. SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports DIRECT FILTRATION 35 This process is similar to conventional treatment, except sedimentation is omitted. SLOW SAND FILTRATION Slow sand filtration is the simplest of the filtration types. Untreated water percolates slowly through a bed of porous sand. A sticky mat of biological matter, called a “schmutzdecke,” forms on the sand surface, where particles are trapped and organic matter is biologically degraded. • TO LEARN MORE ABOUT TREATMENT, VISIT: • National Drinking Water Clearinghouse • EPA - Drinking Water Treatability Database • EPA - Arsenic Virtual Trade Show • American Water Works Association • Washington State Office of Drinking Water MEMBRANE The membrane filtration process involves passing water at high pressure through a thin membrane of hollow-fiber or spiral-wound composite sheets. Microfiltration can remove bacteria, Giardia, and some viruses. The selection of a membrane is based on site specific treatment goals (for example, inorganics removal, natural organic matter removal, particulate removal or pathogen removal). Types of membranes include reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration and microfiltration

  36. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants | Contacts Safe To Drink  Made Safe  Cross Connection Control What is Cross Connection Control • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council In addition to treatment and monitoring requirements, public water suppliers are required to maintain an active Cross-Connection Control Programto ensure safe potable drinking water throughout their distribution supply systems. A cross-connection is any actual or potential physical connection between a drinking water system and any other non-potable substance (liquid, solid, or gas). An example is the connectionbetween a public water system or consumer’s potable water system and an auxiliary water system, cooling system, or irrigation system. These cross connections can create a serious public health hazard due to the potential of contaminating drinking water supplies through what is known as backflow (the undesirable reversal of flow of potentially contaminated water into the potable water supply). There are many, well documented cases where cross connections have been responsible for contamination of drinking water, and have resulted in the spread of disease. Public health officials have long been concerned about cross-connections and their potential to contaminate drinking water supplies. In 1974 Congress established the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) which requires that unprotected cross-connections be eliminated or protected in order to safeguard human health. SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports What is a Cross Connection 36 CROSS CONNECTION QUESTIONS ANSWERED <Link to workgroup page> How is my water supply protected from backflow? How can I prevent backflow from occuring? <Links to page 2> <Links to page 3> Backflow is the undesirable reversal of the flow of potentially contaminated water from its intended direction through a cross connection and into the piping of a public water system. There are two types of backflow – backsiphonage and backpressure. Backsiphonage occurs when there is a sudden reduction in the water pressure of the water supply distribution system. This can occur during fire fighting or a water main break, resulting in water flow that is reversed, creating a suction effect which draws potential contaminates into the potable water distribution system. Back-pressure is a condition when the water pressure within a customer’s plumbing system exceeds that of the water distribution system. Backpressure is most often caused by a difference in elevation, by a pump in a steam boiler, or by other means. What is Backflow Video: Click to Watch Links to http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=tVRtfTIqCl0 Cross Connection Event The following image illustrates one way in which a backflow incident can occur in a public water supply water main. Click to Enlarge Image BACKFLOW INCIDENT In December 1970, wine backflowed into the public water system in Cincinnati, Ohio. At a winery in the City, someone inadvertently left open a water supply valve to a wine distilling tank after flushing out the tank. During a subsequent fermenting process, wine backflowed from the tank into the City water mains and out of the faucets of nearby homeowners. This reversal of flow through the water piping occurred because the pressure in the wine distilling tank was greater than the pressure in the City water system.

  37. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants | Contacts Safe To Drink  Made Safe  Cross Connection Control What is Cross Connection Control • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council The water supplier is responsible for compliance with the Safe Drinking Water Act which includes assurances that that the quality of potable water within their distribution system maintains its safety. Water suppliers are responsible for establishing methods to eliminate cross-connections within the distribution system. One method of eliminating cross connection is through site evaluation. As a minimum, the evaluation should consider: the existence of cross-connections, the nature of materials handled on the property, the probability of a backflow occurring, the degree of piping system complexity and the potential for piping system modification. Tittle 17 of the California Public Health Code requires installation of an approved backflow preventer when the public water supplier determines that either an actual or potential health hazard or degradation of public water exists. A backflow preventer is a means or mechanism to prevent backflow. The most effective means of preventing backflow is an air gap, which either eliminates a cross-connection or provides a barrier to backflow. Additionally a backflow prevention assembly is a mechanical mechanism which provides a physical barrier to backflow. Backflow prevention assemblies have internal seals, springs, and moving parts that are subject to fouling, wear, or fatigue. Backflow preventers are required to be tested at least annually or more frequently if determined to be necessary by the health agency or water supplier. When devices are found to be defective, they must be repaired or replaced in accordance with the health code provisions. How is my water supply protected from backflow? SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports 37 Video: Click to Watch Links to http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=ETqvDrPYlsc <Link to workgroup page> <Link to http://abpa.org/ >

  38. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants | Contacts Safe To Drink  Made Safe  Cross Connection Control What is Cross Connection Control • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council • There are many instances of household cross-connection hazard. For example: Suppose one end of a garden hose is attached to your home’s water system and the other end is submerged into a bucket of herbicide or a swimming pool. At the same time an unforeseen loss of water pressure occurs in the main water line serving your home (such as a water main break). The drop in pressure causes a reverse flow in the water line and non potable water from the bucket or pool is sucked into your home’s drinking water and potentially into the public water supply. A simple way to eliminate this undesirable reversal of flow is to prevent the hose from being submerged. It is best to maintain an air gap separation between the end of the hose and any liquid container. • Other examples of potential household cross connections include: • A hose submerged in a pail of soapy water • A chemical sprayer attached to the end of a hose • A water softener recharge line submerged in a floor drain • Submerged lawn irrigation system • A connection made between a private well supply and the water being supplied by a public water system through the water supply plumbing • Residential fire suppression systems • Depending on the degree of hazard, your water supplier may require the installation of a backflow preventer. Contact your local water supplier for more information. • Click here to locate your water supplier • <Link to water supplier locator tool> How can I prevent backflow from occurring? SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports 38 <Link to workgroup page> Lawn Care Chemical Backflow Into Public Water Supply Click to Enlarge Image Cross Connection Control Links U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cross-Connection Control http://water.epa.gov/infrastructure/drinkingwater/pws/crossconnectioncontrol/ University of Southern California Foundation for Cross-Connection Control and Hydraulic Research http://www.usc.edu/dept/fccchr/ American Backflow Prevention Association http://abpa.org/

  39. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants | Contacts Home  Safe To Drink  Contaminants Contaminants • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports What are the contaminants in drinking water of concern?

  40. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants | Contacts Home  Safe To Drink  Contaminants What are common contaminants of concern? • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council Pathogens at a Glance E. coli bacteria Sources of Contamination - Human and animal fecal waste Health Effects - Microbes in these wastes can cause short-term effects, such as diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a special health risk for infants, young children, some of the elderly, and people with severely compromised immune systems. Giardia lambia, viruses, Legionella, Cryptosporidium Sources of Contamination -Naturally present in the environment – Health Effects -Inadequately treated water may contain disease-causing organisms. These organisms include bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and associated headaches. SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports Giardia lambia, CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – Drinking Water Arsenic at a Glance Nitrate at a Glance Sources of Contamination Runoff from fertilizer use; leaking from septic tanks, sewage; erosion of natural deposits Health Effects Infants below the age of six months who drink water containing nitrate in excess of the regulated limit may quickly become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die because high nitrate levels can interfere with the capacity of the infant’s blood to carry oxygen. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blueness of the skin. High nitrate levels may also affect the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood of pregnant women. Sources of Contamination Erosion of natural deposits; runoff from orchards; runoff from glass & electronics production wastes Health Effects Some people who drink water containing arsenic in excess of the regulated limit over many years could experience skin damage or problems with their circulatory system, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. 40 [Link to Water Boards http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/nitrate_project/ For more information on these contaminants, please visit EPA's Drinking Water Contaminants Disinfection By-Products at a Glance Total Trihalomethanes, Haloacetic Acids, Bromate Sources of Contamination By-product of drinking water disinfection, occur when naturally-occurring organic and inorganic materials in the water react with the disinfectants, chlorine and chloramine. Health Effects Some people who drink water containing disinfection by-products in excess of the regulated limit over many years may experience liver, kidney, or central nervous system problems, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. Consumer Confidence Reports Every community water supplier must provide an annual report, typically called a Consumer Confidence Report, to its customers. The report provides information on your local drinking water quality, including the water's source, contaminants found in the water, and how consumers can get involved in protecting drinking water. •See if your CCR is posted online [insert DRINC? Link]

  41. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants | Contacts Safe To Drink  Contacts Contacts • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports Who do we contact for more information?

  42. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants | Contacts Safe To Drink  Contacts  CCR Request Request a CCR of your water system • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports Submit 42

  43. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants | Contacts Safe To Drink  Contacts  Safe Drinking Water Workgroup Contact the Safe Drinking Water Workgroup • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports Submit 43 Contact us for more information or suggestions on improvement

  44. State of California ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants | Contacts Home  Safe To Drink  Site Map Site Map of Questions Answered • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council • Is my tap water safe to drink? • What contaminants are in my tap water? • What is reported in the Consumer Confidence Report for my water system? • Is my water drinkable if there are harmful contaminants in my tap water? • What is the source of my water? • What do we know about our source waters? • How do sanitary surveys protect source waters? • What is the quality of our surface water sources? • Which surface waters are listed by the state as impaired for drinking-related uses? • What is the quality of our groundwater sources? • How do nitrate and other chemicals effect our groundwater sources? • How does contaminated site cleanup protect our groundwater sources? • Recycled Water •  How is recycled water treated? •  What are the uses of recycled water? • What is in my drinking water? • How is my drinking water treated? • How is my drinking water made safe? •  How is my water supply protected from backflow? • How can I prevent backflow from occurring? • How safe is groundwater? Surface water? • Drinking water FAQ (including taste/smell and other general questions) • Who do I contact about my water? • Who regulates my water system? SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports

  45. State of California Phase 2 topics ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants | Contacts • Cost of my water • Water conservation and efficiency goals versus water usage • Case study: Recycled water GET facility • Groundwater recharge and desalinization • Technical Assistance • Grants and Loan programs • TMF Tune-up program • Boil water notices (possible) • Lead and Copper monitoring (possible) Features to be added • JSON Restful web service • Possible Monitoring Schedule • Possible listing of water quality by source • Library of media and training • Login and Integration with CDX • Access to large files of water quality data, production, and enforcement actions • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports

  46. State of California Members of the Safe Drinking Water Workgroup ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY CALIFORNIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING COUNCIL Home Safe to Drink Safe to Swim Safe to Eat Fish Ecosystem Health Stressors & Processes Contact Us Tap Water I Water Sources l Made Safe l Contaminants | Contacts • Kris Jones, Department Water Resources ... • Chris Nelson, Carmichael Water District ... • Dori Bellan, State Water Resources Control Board ... • Caryn Mandelbaum, Environment Now • Cindy Garcia, Department Water Resources ... • Murage Ngatia, Department Water Resources • Bruce Agee, Department Water Resources • Adam Walukiewicz, ACWA ... • Larry Cooper, SCCWRP • Bruce Burton, CDPH Drinking Water Program ... • John Borkovich, State Water Resources Control Board • Rita Schmidt-Sudman, Water Education Foundation • Susan Lauer, Water Education Foundation • Beth Stern, Water Education Foundation • Jon Marshack, CA Water Quality Monitoring Council ... • Mark Emmerson, CDPH Drinking Water Program ... • Cal/EPA • Natural Resources Agency • About the California Water Quality Monitoring Council SAFE TO DRINK LINKS  Stressors  Laws, Regulations,Standards & Guidelines  Regulatory Activities  Enforcement Actions  Research  Monitoring Programs, Data Sources & Reports

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