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Chapter 18 – Age of th e City , 1870-1900

Chapter 18 – Age of th e City , 1870-1900. Factors of Population Growth?. Sources of Immigration 1860-1900?. Assimilation. p547. p545. Age of the City – Tenement Living.

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Chapter 18 – Age of th e City , 1870-1900

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  1. Chapter 18 – Age of the City, 1870-1900

  2. Factors of Population Growth?

  3. Sources of Immigration 1860-1900?

  4. Assimilation

  5. p547

  6. p545

  7. Age of the City – Tenement Living The word “tenement” had originally referred simply to a multiple-family rental building, but by the late 19th century it was being used to describe slum dwellings only.

  8. Age of the City – Tenement Living Men's Lodging Room in the West 47th Street Stationc. 1892

  9. Age of the City – Tenement Living

  10. Age of the City – Tenement Living Room in a Tenement Flat, 1910

  11. Age of the City – “Dumbbell” Tenement p542

  12. Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives

  13. Looking Backward

  14. Immigration Under Attack

  15. Mass Transit • 1870, NY opened first elevated railway with noisy, filthy steam-powered trains • Chicago, San Francisco: cable cars • 1883: Brooklyn Bridge opened in NY City • 1897, Boston: 1st subway system

  16. “Skyscraper” • 1850s: elevators • 1870s: cast irons & steel beam construction Video: Growth of American cities

  17. Strains of Urban Life: Fire • 1871: Chicago & Boston “great fires” • 1906: SF earthquake

  18. The Boss & Machine Politics • Newly arrived immigrants: • Could not speak English • Needed help adjusting to American life (laws & customs) • Urban political machine was the principal source of assistance. • Urban machine: America’s most distinctive political institution of Gilded Age.

  19. The Boss & Machine Politics

  20. Theme #3: Image A

  21. Theme #3: Image B

  22. Theme #3: Image C

  23. Theme #3: Image D

  24. Theme #3—Political Machines • The Gilded Age saw the rise of political machines—well-organized groups that controlled a political party in a city • Machines offered services to voters & businesses in exchange for political votes • Were very influential with immigrants • Helped with jobs, housing, & naturalization

  25. Theme #3—Political Machines • Machines were led by city bosses whousedanetworkofwardbosses & precinct captains to: • Control access to city jobs, business licenses, courts • Arrange building projects & community services

  26. Theme #3—Political Machines • Machine politicians were often corrupt: • Use fraud to win elections • Graft—Using their political influence for personal gain • Took kickbacks & bribes • The most notorious machine boss was Boss Tweed of New York’s Tammany Hall who defrauded the city of millions of dollars

  27. Political machines influenced immigrant voters by creating parks near slums, barbeques, giving away Christmas presents to children

  28. Boss Tweed “Tweed Courthouse”—NY CountyCourthouse was supposed to cost $250,000 but cost $13 million.

  29. Theme #4—Political Scandals • During the Gilded Age, attempts were made to reform government: • Many gov’t positions, such as tax collectors or post office officials, were appointed by patronage— a reward for political loyalty • Calls for civil service (government administration) reform began • In 1883, Congress passed the Pendleton Act, creating merit-based exams for most civil service jobs

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