Cognitive Modeling of Group Decision Behaviors in Multi-Cultural Contexts

1. Cognitive Modeling of Group Decision Behaviors in Multi-Cultural Contexts September 1, 2004 Chang S. Nam, Ph.D., AHFP Assistant Professor Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) LabDepartment of Industrial Engineering University of Arkansas

2. Table of Contents Profile - PI Key Issues Our Approach Project Management Appendix I. Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) Lab

3. I. Profile - PI

4. Education & Professional Experience • Education • Professional Experience

5. Methodology to change work & design Ergonomic design of physical work environment Work-related musculoskeletal disorders Research Interests – Human Factors Engineering & Ergonomics Interactive systems design & evaluation Objective:Transfer the insights from human factors into sound design of interactive systems Implications: Examples of systems: • Psychological models of the user • Multisensory user interfaces design • Design guidelines for interactive systems • Models of interaction • Multimedia • Virtual environments • Healthcare systems • Multi-agent systems Research questions: Research Interests: • How to help users navigate in complex interactive worlds • How to design intuitive multisensory user interfaces • Cognitive and culture ergonomics • Adaptive & intelligent human-computer interaction • Groupware & computer-supported cooperative work • Usability engineering • Ubiquitous computing

6. II. Key Issues

7. Problem Statement • Heterogeneous teams: multi-culture & multi-service teams • Team decision making • Differences in status, authority, culture, & DM behaviors Heterogeneous team To identify key issues/barriers regarding logistics decision making in multi-cultural contexts, To develop a culture-based decision behavior model capturing user requirements for interactive computer systems • Common cognition among team members • The degree of common understanding, overlap, agreement, congruence, or sharedness of cognitions • Team communication Team cognition • How to support group/team process with groupware systems • Social and technology determinants • Effectiveness of group support technologies Team support Bottom – Up Approach

8. Group Dynamics Effective LogisticsTeam TeamCognition Technology Support III. Our Approach

9. A Three-Phase Research Framework Phase I Task Scenarios Development Phase II Team Cognition Analysis Phase III Empirical Experiment Measure Team Mental Model Conduct Empirical Experiments Structure High-Level Activity Collect Data Develop Cognitive Model Measure Team Situation Model Suggest User/System Requirements Analyze Team Communication Survey of Group-Support Technologies

10. Phase I - Task Scenarios Development • To identify key issues/barriers regarding decision making behaviors and to structure high-level activities representing key tasks performed by multi-service and/or multi-cultural teams • To identify key issues/barriers regarding decision making behaviors • To structure high-level activities representing key tasks • To develop scenarios representing common problems Goal

11. Phase I – Data Collection • Information needed from AFRL • Team structure • Task description • Artifacts/other documents

12. Phase II – Team Cognition Analysis • To develop cognitive models of logistics decision making behaviors in multi-cultural contexts, based on team knowledge and team communication patterns • To measure team mental models • To measure team situation models • To analyze team communication patterns • To develop cognitive models Goal

13. Pbeg Pbeg Pbeg Pend Aend Pend Aend Pend Aend Dbeg Abeg Dbeg Abeg Dbeg Abeg Dend Dend Dend Phase II – Analyze Team Communication Communication Content Communication Flow • Communication as a window to team cognition(Cooke et al., 2004) • TDM & communication stability Team Cognition Team Communication • To associate communication patterns with team characteristics (Kiekel et al., 2002) • Communication patterns by cultural background • Communication patterns by tasks/missions Team Culture Task • Actual content • Latent Semantic Analysis(Landauer et al., 1998) • Frequency & pattern changes • Procedural Networks(Cooke et al., 1996) LSA  ProNet/CHUMS Communication Log Data Pattern 1 Pattern 5 Pattern 2

14. Phase III – Empirical Experiment • Conduct a series of empirical experiments to validate the cognitive models and to identify social and cultural determinants that affect group/team decision making behaviors in multi-culture contexts • To identify culture/ethnic differences • To compare TDM behaviors with and without group-support tools • To specify user/system requirements Goal

15. Survey of Group Support Technology • To investigate the state-of-art of group collaboration technologies • To identify systems that can improve logistics-related team decision making behaviors in multi-culture contexts Goal Communication systems Individual aspects Key Issues Shared work space facilities Organizational aspects Group awareness Multi-user interfaces Technology components Human components Concurrency control Shared information facilities Group work design aspects Coordination Shared information space Cultural differences Group activity support facilities Group dynamics aspects LTM Effective Group Support Technology !

16. LTM Issues Three-phase Framework Goal Heterogeneous teams • To identify key issues/barriers regarding LTM • To develop cognitive model of LTM • To investigate group collaboration technologies to improve LTM performance Team Cognition Team Support • Groupware system to support LTM in multi-culture contexts • Human-Agent Interaction (HAI) • Team cognition Project Summary

17. IV. Project Management

18. Project Team Collaborator PI Collaborator Chang S. Nam, Ph.D. HCI Lab (UA) Amy Turner AFRL Tonya L. Smith-Jackson, Ph.D. ACE/HCI Lab (VT) GRA HCI Lab Immad Qazi – Ph.D. student Palaniapan Thenappan – MS student Graduate Research Assistant Lab students

19. : Written quarterly updates & Interim project review : Semi-annual progress report (AFRL) Tentative Schedule

20. Questions?