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The Civil Rights Movement

The Civil Rights Movement. Goals of the Movement. meaningful civil rights laws full and fair employment decent housing the right to vote integrated education / schools end racial discrimination equal civil rights for every ethnic group. The Segregation System .

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The Civil Rights Movement

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  1. The Civil Rights Movement

  2. Goals of the Movement • meaningful civil rights laws • full and fair employment • decent housing • the right to vote • integrated education / schools • end racial discrimination • equal civil rights for every ethnic group

  3. The Segregation System • Civil Rights Act of 1875 • outlawed segregation in public facilities • 1883 – Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional • 1890’s laws severely limit the rights of blacks • 1896 – Plessy v. Ferguson • separate but equal • Jim Crow laws • segregated blacks and whites in all areas of life in the N & S p. 906

  4. Failed Promises • Reconstruction • Jim Crow laws / era • 14th amendment • 15th amendment • Plessey v. Ferguson

  5. WW I and II experiences • segregated units • experiences Jim Crow in training • black soldiers lynched after war • after war lost jobs again Presidential Support • FDR Fair Employment Practice Commission • President Truman established Civil Rights commission

  6. The Search for Equality • de jure segregation • segregation by law • de facto segregation • segregation by practice &custom • to get rid of de facto segregation • have to change attitudes not just Jim Crow laws • needed for blacks to share in the social and economic power

  7. NAACP • Fighting to end segregation in schools • 1909 – fighting to end segregation in schools • 10x amount $$ spent on white children for school • ThurgoodMarshall - lead attorney for S. Court cases • first black Supreme Court Justice • Court Case • Brown v. Board of Education (1954) separate but equal has no place in public education against KS, VA, DE and SC p. 908

  8. 1930’s School House

  9. Resistance to Brown Case 5 min – Tr. • Rosa Parks (12-1-1955) • refused to give up her seat on the bus • she was arrested • Set off Montgomery Bus Boycott p. 910 5 min

  10. Strategies of the Movement • Montgomery Bus Boycott • Sit ins • Freedom Rides • Birmingham campaign • March on Washington • Freedom Summer • Selma March

  11. Montgomery Bus Boycott • Rosa Parks arrest united the black community • NAACP formed Montgomery Improvement Assoc. (MLK Jr. leader) • Started a boycott of city buses • Walking to work • Car pooling • Victory for blacks p. 910

  12. Sit-Ins 6 min • Started by 4 black students • Protested segregation in restaurants • Greensboro, NC • Non-violent protest • Ideas spread throughout southern cities p. 912

  13. Freedom Riders - 1961 • Whites &blacks (CORE members) tested bus and terminal segregation • buses were attacked and destroyed • In Birmingham, AL riders were pulled and beaten • newspapers publicized the situation • U.S. Marshals – to protect the remainder of the ride to Jackson, Miss. • Result - Interstate Commerce Commission ban segregation in all interstate travel facilities, waiting rooms, restrooms, & lunch counters p. 916 Interactive

  14. Birmingham Campaign 4 min • Birmingham, Spring of 1963 • organized by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) • strategic because most segregated city, high racial violence • Purpose to desegregate the city and change the city's discrimination laws • MLK Jr. would be present to help • publicized confrontations between black youth and white civic authorities p. 918

  15. King’s Thoughts • King summarized the philosophy of the Birmingham campaign when he said, "The purpose of ... direct action is to create a situation so crisis-packed that it will inevitably open the door to negotiation".

  16. March to Washington D.C. • August 28, 1963 • 250,000 people marched on the nations capital • MLK gave his famous “I Have A Dream” speech 6 min

  17. Freedom Summer - 1964 • organized by the SNCC • concentrated efforts in MS • purpose • to register blacks to vote • approx. 1,000 white volunteers • Robert Moses lead the voter project in MS • end of summer - 4 dead, 4 critically wounded • beaten, businesses and churches burned and bombed p. 921

  18. Selma to Montgomery – 1965 • SNCC had been working to register black voters • only about 3% blacks eligible to vote • Sunday March 7 - 600 people protest march • 50 miles from Selma to Montgomery • war broke with police protection present • wanted to get the attention of LBJ’s administration p. 922 4 min

  19. Photograph Analysis

  20. Leadership 3 min • Martin Luther King Jr. • raised in south • Christian home • 26 year old pastor • called to lead the movement for the Montgomery Improvement Assoc. • speech inspired a bus boycott lasting 381 days • believed in passive resistance and civil disobedience p. 911

  21. Leadership cont... • Malcolm X • Black Power Movement • Stokely Carmichael / SNCC • Black Panthers

  22. Malcolm X • ward of the state • high school drop out • imprisoned at 20 • studied Islam or Black Muslims in jail • preached whites were the cause of the conditions for blacks • advocated blacks arming themselves (frightened whites) • March 1964 – trip to Mecca • trip changed his view of whites • “Ballots or bullets” choose ballots • assassinated Feb. 21, 1965 5 min p. 925

  23. Assassination 4 min

  24. Black Power • phrase originally used in 1940’s • Reintroduced by Stokely Carmichael • in MS at a 1966 march • new leader of the SNCC • supported Malcolm X message • MLK was againstBlack Power slogan • feared it would stir violence in blacks p. 926

  25. Black Panthers 3 min • founded in Oakland, CA 1966 • by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale • black clothing, black berets, black leather jacket and sunglasses • formed to fight brutality in the ghetto • publicly preached armed revolt • offered “a program for the people” • taking control of their communities, better housing etc. • positives– daycare centers, free breakfast programs, free medical clinics, assistance to the homeless

  26. Race Riots 3 min • Harlem(July 1964) • clash b/t white police and black teenagers • Sparked a race riot • 1 death • Watts / Los Angeles (Aug. 11, 1965) • sparked by argument w/ police • 5 days after Voting Rights Act • 6 day riot (34 dead & $ 30 m property damage) Why were riots increasing when strides were being made in civil rights?

  27. Role of the Media • Link to the post WW II technology and culture • Televised urban riots • Made Black Power appear racial and radical • Alienated general public Did the media give a balanced view of Civil Rights? Why or why not?

  28. Civil Right Gains • Civil Rights Act of 1964 • Ban discrimination based on race, gender, or religion in public places and most work place • 24th Amendment • Eliminated poll tax • Protected black voting rights • Voting Right Act of 1965 • Suspended literacy test for voter registration • Ended de jure segregation p. 928

  29. Women’s Rights – Phase 3 • ERA movement of the 1970’s • push for equality in the work place • equal pay for women • eliminating double standards • Known as Women’s Lib Movement - rejected traditional roles 6 min

  30. Women’s Rights cont… • Frustrations - limited career options - lower salaries - still unequal opportunities • Feminine Mystique 1963 - Betty Freidan - false values placed on women p. 982

  31. Women’s Rights cont… • NOW(National Organization of Women) - push for equal opportunity in economics and political issues - political activist p. 982

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