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Topic 1.2

Topic 1.2. Energy Flow. Rally Table!. Enduring Understanding:. Energy and nutrients move within and between biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems via physical, chemical and biological processes. Rally Table. Teacher reads question and provides think time

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Topic 1.2

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  1. Topic 1.2 Energy Flow

  2. Rally Table! Enduring Understanding: • Energy and nutrients move within and between biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems via physical, chemical and biological processes.

  3. Rally Table • Teacher reads question and provides think time • Students think about the question, write an answer, then pass their paper clockwise to the next person at their table. • Each student writes their answer on the paper in front of them and passes the paper until their own paper comes back to them.

  4. Question One: • Name one example of a physical process involved in energy flow.

  5. Question Two: • Name one example of a chemical process involved in energy flow.

  6. Question Three: • Name one example of a biological process involved in energy flow.

  7. Define producer What are the various levels of a food web? • Producers – autotrophs • Plants & Photosynthetic bacteria http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/bacteria/cyanointro.html

  8. Describe how consumers obtain energy and nutrients What are the various levels of a food web? • Consumers – heterotrophs • Herbivores – eat only producers

  9. Describe how consumers obtain energy and nutrients What are the various levels of a food web? • Consumers – heterotrophs • Carnivores – eat only herbivores

  10. Describe how consumers obtain energy and nutrients What are the various levels of a food web? • Consumers – heterotrophs • Omnivores – eat either producers or herbivores

  11. Describe how consumers obtain energy and nutrients What are the various levels of a food web? • Consumers – heterotrophs • Saprotrophs – fungi that absorb nutrients from surrounding environment

  12. Describe how consumers obtain energy and nutrients What are the various levels of a food web? • Detritivores & Decomposers • Detritivores eat nonliving plant and animal remains • Scavengers • Beetles • Worms http://izismile.com/2012/02/20/australian_giant_earthworm_9_pics.html

  13. Describe how consumers obtain energy and nutrients What are the various levels of a food web? • Detritivores & Decomposers • Decomposers complete the food chain • Fungi • Bacteria • Return nutrients to soil or oceans for use by autotrophs http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil http://wps.aw.com/bc_campbell_biology_7/26/6672/1708198.cw/index.html

  14. Marine Food Web • In a food web, arrows show the direction of energy flow. • For example: krill eats the phytoplankton, but the energy flows from the phytoplankton to the krill. Students will describe the energy pathways through the different trophic levels of a food web or energy pyramid.

  15. How does energy flow through ecosystems? • On average about 10 percent of net energy production at one trophic level is passed on to the next level. http://www.learner.org/courses/envsci/unit/text.php?unit=4&secNum=3 Trace the flow of energy through a living system.

  16. 3 Reasons for decrease in available energy • Energy is “used up” for daily life activities. • Not all organisms that die are eaten by animals in the next trophic level. • Not all parts of an organism are eaten and digested for energy. Trace the flow of energy through a living system.

  17. An example of an energy pyramid: Trace the flow of energy through a living system.

  18. Energy Pyramid • An energy pyramid is a graphical model of energy flow in a community. • The different levels represent different groups of organisms that might compose a food chain. http://www.learner.org/courses/essential/life/session7/closer5.html Trace the flow of energy through a living system.

  19. Energy Pyramid from the bottom up: • Producers — bring energy from nonliving sources into the community http://www.learner.org/courses/essential/life/session7/closer5.html

  20. Energy Pyramid from the bottom up: • Primary consumers — eat the producers, which makes them herbivores in most communities http://www.learner.org/courses/essential/life/session7/closer5.html

  21. Energy Pyramid from the bottom up: • Secondary consumers — eat the primary consumers, which makes them carnivores http://www.learner.org/courses/essential/life/session7/closer5.html

  22. Energy Pyramid from the bottom up: • Tertiary consumers — eat the secondary consumers http://www.learner.org/courses/essential/life/session7/closer5.html

  23. Energy Pyramid from the bottom up: • Quaternary consumers — eat the tertiary consumers http://www.learner.org/courses/essential/life/session7/closer5.html

  24. Energy Pyramid • In some food chains, there is a fourth consumer level, and rarely, a fifth. • Have you ever wondered why there are limits to the lengths of food chains? http://www.learner.org/courses/essential/life/session7/closer5.html

  25. 10% Rule Explain how the amount of energy available at each trophic level in an energy pyramid limits the number of organisms that each trophic level can support.

  26. An Example of a Biomass Pyramid http://earth.rice.edu/mtpe/bio/biosphere/topics/energy/40_biomass.html

  27. Biomass Pyramid • In a “biomass pyramid“, the comparative masses of consumers and food can be represented simultaneously. http://earth.rice.edu/mtpe/bio/biosphere/topics/energy/40_biomass.html

  28. Biomass Pyramid • Similar to the energy pyramid, the base (producers)is much broader than the top levels. • Quaternary consumers comprise only 1/10,000th of the biomass in this ecosystem. http://earth.rice.edu/mtpe/bio/biosphere/topics/energy/40_biomass.html

  29. Biomass Pyramid • This is the reason that there are limits to the number of trophic levels possible in an ecosystem. http://earth.rice.edu/mtpe/bio/biosphere/topics/energy/40_biomass.html

  30. Nutrient Cycling vs. Energy Flow • Energy flow is unidirectional: approximately 10% of the available energy is passed on to the next trophic level.

  31. Nutrient Cycling vs. Energy Flow • Nutrients cycle through the food web. • From producers to consumers to decomposers, then back to producers.

  32. Citations • http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/bacteria/cyanointro.html • http://website.nbm-mnb.ca/mycologywebpages/NaturalHistoryOfFungi/Saprotrophs.html • http://izismile.com/2012/02/20/australian_giant_earthworm_9_pics.html • http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/food-web/?ar_a=1 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil • http://wps.aw.com/bc_campbell_biology_7/26/6672/1708198.cw/index.html • http://www.learner.org/courses/essential/life/session7/closer5.html • http://earth.rice.edu/mtpe/bio/biosphere/topics/energy/40_biomass.html • olhs.cksd.wednet.edu/ • http://www.learner.org/courses/envsci/unit/text.php?unit=4&secNum=3

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