Case-Based Reasoning for Eliciting the Evolution of Geospatial Objects

1. Case-Based Reasoning for Eliciting the Evolution of Geospatial Objects Joice Mota, Gilberto Camara, Isabel Escada, Olga Bittencourt, Leila Fonseca, Lúbia Vinhas National Institute for Space Research

2. The fundamental question of our time How is the Earth’s environment changing, and what are the consequences for human civilization? source: IGBP

3. Earth observation satellites and geosensor webs provide key information about global change… …but that information needs to be modelled and extracted

4. What´s in an Image? “Remote sensing images provide data for describing landscape dynamics” (Câmara, Egenhofer et al., COSIT 2001).

5. Land cover objects LAND COVER OBJECTS Boundaries determined by agreement about land categories (geometry, topology and properties change)

6. The problem: extracting land cover objects from images and relating them to human use of space

7. Remote sensing images: sources of landcover objects LandsatImage 13/Ago/2003

8. Remote sensing images: sources of landcover objects Deforestation from 13/Ago/2003 to 07/May/2004 Deforestation: until 13/Aug/2003 (yellow), from 13/Aug/2003 until 07/mai/2004 (red)

9. Remote sensing images: sources of landcover objects Deforestation from 07 May 2004 to21 May 2004 Deforestation: until 13 Aug 2003 (yellow), from 13/Aug/2003 to 07/May/2004 (red), from 07 May 2004 to 21 May 2004 (orange)

10. Eliciting the history of land change objects Reconstructing the history of a landscape

11. Approach: object histories + types + rules create merge split Hornsby and Egenhofer (COSIT 97, IJGIS 2000) type-dependent rules Merge (stateObj, cityObj) = stateObj

12. Different types of land change objects Form follows function Object shape indicates possible land use

13. From shapes of land cover to types of land use irregular, linear, regular

14. Evolution rules depend on land function CATTLE FARM Settler sells land Settler gets parcel LAND REFORM redistribution SUBSISTENCE FARMING ABANDONMENT Land exhaustion Many settlers sell their land Small Farmers Medium-SizedFarmers photos: Isabel Escada

15. Eliciting the Evolution Rules using Case-Based Reasoning We use domain experts to derive the evolution rules

16. Evolution rules depend on expected land use irregular, linear, regular settlements, roads, farms Merge(settlement, settlement) = FALSE Merge (road, road) = road Merge (farm, farm) = farm Merge (settlement, road) = FALSE Merge (settlement, farm) = farm Merge (farm, road) = FALSE

17. From snapshots to object history Object extracted from snapshots are merged to create histories

18. Computational model: basic operations merge split {-- definition of Object History data type --} ObjHist t : Tree Object t { -- operations on Object History data type --} merge :: ObjHist t1  ObjHist t2  ObjHist t3 split :: ObjHist t1  ObjHist t2  (ObjHist t1, ObjHist t3)

19. Computational model: telling histories Object histories can be retrieved

20. Land intensification in Rondônia (BR) Peasants were given lots with sizes of 25 ha to 50 ha in 1970s. What happened from 1970s to 2000s? Deforestation maps from INPE (2000) Landsat image (2000)

21. Vale do Anari – 1982 -1985 Patterns/Typology IRR: Irregular – Colonist parcels LIN: Linear – roads and pathways REG: Regular – medium-large farms REG

22. Vale do Anari – 1985 - 1988 Patterns/Typology IRR: Irregular – Colonist parcels LIN: Linear – roads and pathways REG: Regular – medium-large farms REG Pereira et al, 2005 Escada, 2003

23. Vale do Anari – 1988 - 1991 Patterns/Typology IRR: Irregular – Colonist parcels LIN: Linear – roads and pathways REG: Regular – medium-large farms REG Pereira et al, 2005 Escada, 2003

24. Vale do Anari – 1991 - 1994 Patterns/Typology IRR: Irregular – Colonist parcels LIN: Linear – roads and pathways REG: Regular – medium-large farms Pereira et al, 2005 Escada, 2003

25. Vale do Anari – 1994 - 1997 Patterns/Typology IRR: Irregular – Colonist parcels LIN: Linear – roads and pathways REG: Regular – medium-large farms REG Pereira et al, 2005 Escada, 2003

26. Vale do Anari – 1997 - 2000 Patterns/Typology IRR: Irregular – Colonist parcels LIN: Linear – roads and pathways REG: Regular – medium-large farms REG Pereira et al, 2005 Escada, 2003

27. Confirmed by field work Vale do Anari – 1985 - 2000 Patterns/Typology IRR: Irregular – Colonist parcels LIN: Linear – roads and pathways REG: Regular – medium-large farms REG REG Pereira et al, 2005 Escada, 2003

28. 1985 1985 31 1985 - 1988 1988 256 21 1985 - 1991 287 1991 312 324 1994 279 1985 - 1994 295 310 311 327 1997 446 430 1985 - 1997 460 474 397 403 1985 - 2000 2000 406 427 431 Elicting land cover object histories

29. Elicting land cover object histories 1985 31

30. Elicting land cover object histories 1988 31 256 21

31. Elicting land cover object histories 1991 31 256 21 312 324

32. Elicting land cover object histories 1994 31 256 21 310 312 311 324 327

33. Elicting land cover object histories 1994 31 256 21 312 1 311 327

34. Elicting land cover object histories 1994 31 256 21 312 2 311

35. Elicting land cover object histories 1994 31 256 21 3 2

36. Elicting land cover object histories 1997 31 256 21 3 2 460 474

37. Elicting land cover object histories 1997 31 256 21 3 460 5

38. Elicting land cover object histories 1997 31 256 21 460 6

39. Elicting land cover object histories 1997 31 256 21 7

40. Elicting land cover object histories 2000 31 256 21 427 7 431

41. Elicting land cover object histories 2000 31 256 21 427 11

42. Elicting land cover object histories 2000 31 256 21 12

43. Anari – from land cover to land use Marked land concentration Government plan for settling many colonists in the area has failed. Large farmers have bought the parcels in an illicit way

44. Tools: GEODMA (Data mining) GEODMA – geographical data mining analyst

45. TerraHS import TerraHS type Mpoint = TerraLib TerraLib MySQL TerraView Tools: TerraHS Developer Haskell

46. Conclusion Land cover object types + lifelines + rules = obtain history of land use