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Understanding Phase Changes and Intermolecular Forces in Matter

Learn about laws of attraction, intramolecular forces, phase changes, and different types of intermolecular bonds in halogens. Explore the impact of energy on phase changes and interpret phase diagrams. Answer key questions regarding substance states and phase transitions.

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Understanding Phase Changes and Intermolecular Forces in Matter

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  1. Lesson 12.2 and 12.4 Laws of Attraction Phase Change

  2. Intramolecular Forces

  3. Weak Force Temporary shift in electron density clouds Explains State of Matter of Halogens Small to Large F2 (g) Cl2 (g) Br2 (l) I2 (s) Dispersion Forces

  4. Dipole-dipole Forces Permanent forces Positive – Negative Poles

  5. Hydrogen Bonds Dipole-dipole attraction some examples large electronegative H-F H-O H-N H-S

  6. Room TemperatureH2O is liquid NH3 is gas

  7. Questions Explain what determines a substance’s state at a given temperature. Compare intermolecular and intramolecular forces. Which molecules can form hydrogen bonds? a. H2 b. H2S c. HCl d. HF

  8. Questions Explain what determines a substance’s state at a given temperature. Intermolecular forces – solid very strong, liquid weaker, gas has none Compare intermolecular and intramolecular forces. Intramolecular hold particles together, intermolecular between particles Which molecules can form hydrogen bonds? a. H2 b. H2S c. HCl d. HF

  9. Phase Change

  10. Phase Changes that Require Energy Melting – liquid is warmer than ice, heat is transferred Vaporization – liquid to vapor or gas gradually Sublimation – direct from solid to gas

  11. Phase Change Release Energy Freezing – heat is removed Condensation – what happens to the glass of ice cold lemonade on a hot day?

  12. Phase Diagram Triple Point

  13. Phase Diagram Questions Explain what the triple point and the critical point on a phase diagram supplies Determine the phase of water at 75.00 C and 3.00 atm.

  14. Explain what the triple point and the critical point on a phase diagram supplies Triple point is where all 3 phases can coexist. Critical point is temp and pressure above which a substance is not a liquid Determine the phase of water at 75.00 C and 3.00 atm. liquid

  15. Questions Explain how the addition or removal of energy can cause a phase change. Explain the difference between the processes of melting and freezing. Compare disposition and sublimation.

  16. Questions Explain how the addition or removal of energy can cause a phase change. Add Energy, increase Kinetic Energy, less intermolecular forces Remove Energy, decrease Kinetic Energy, increase intermolecular forces

  17. Explain the difference between the processes of melting and freezing. Freezing: Liquid to solid, release Energy Melting: Solid to liquid, need to input Energy Compare disposition and sublimation. Sublimation: solid to vapor directly, skips liquid phase Disposition: Vapor to solid, without liquid phase

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