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Phillip II Cardinal Richelieu. King of Spain who established a vast empire and attempted to remove Protestantism . Power Hungry ruler of France establish an absolute monarchy Lead via moral principles. Louis XIV Jean Baptist Colbert. Ruled for 72 years ABSOLUTE RULER of France
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Phillip II Cardinal Richelieu • King of Spain who established a vast empire and attempted to remove Protestantism • Power Hungry ruler of France establish an absolute monarchy • Lead via moral principles
Louis XIV Jean Baptist Colbert • Ruled for 72 years • ABSOLUTE RULER of France • LOVED his LEGS!!! • Minister of Finance under Louis XIV • French • Sought to enrich the country • (economy crashed after his death)
Thirty Years War Maria Theresa • Began because of differences in religion and territorial claims • New nations like GERMANY and SWEDEN (and others) were established • NATIONALISM rose • Most powerful female ruler in Europe (perhaps ever) • Ruler of Hapsburg family line which ended with her
Frederick the Great 7 Years War • Remembered as an Enlightened Despot • Absolute ruler who gave ppl some rights • After his death, rights went away • Shifted the balance of power in Europe. • Wars caused countries to lose colonial holdings in America
Ivan the Terrible Peter the Great • Expanded Russia • Killed his daughter-in-law’s baby (kicked to death) • Killed his son (skull smash) • RULED THROUGH FEAR • (boiled folks in oil, peeled their skin off…) • 1st to Westernize Russia • Created navy • Change traditions like dress and facial hair
Charles I English Civil War • Absolute Ruler in England • Dissolved Parliament when they wanted too many rights • Caused English Civil War • Fought bc of clash with Charles I • Executed king • Resulted in a commonwealth ruled by Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell Glorious Revolution • Ruler after the English Civil War • Promised to make England more just and fair • He didn’t rule fairly and he was PUT TO DEATH • James II was disliked by the people (he was catholic) • Parliament recruited James II’s daughter and husband to take over (William and Mary) • King kicked out
Scientific Revolution Galileo • A New way to look at science • Challenged traditional thought • Thought should be based on logic and reason (not THE CHURCH) • Italian who thought the earth revolved around sun • Invented telescope • Recanted most of his claims so he didn’t get excommunicated
Isaac Newton John Locke • Studied math and physics • Laws of Gravity and Motion • One of the most famous scientists of all time • Started the modern age of thought • “Starts” Enlightenment • Says ppl have a contract with society and when rulers to hold up their end…REBEL
Voltaire Montesquieu • Big time write of the Enlightenment • Embodiment of an enlightened thinker • Advocated for the separation of powers • (Legislative, executive, and judicial) • Catherine the Great • Enlightened thinker of Russia • Wanted to westernize • Life actually got worse for peasants