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第十四章 应用帧中继实现 广域网连接

第十四章 应用帧中继实现 广域网连接. 本章目标. 通过本章的学习，您应该掌握以下内容 ： 了解 Frame Relay 工作过程 配置 Frame Relay 配置 Frame Relay 的子端口 查看 Frame Relay 信息. CSU/DSU. Frame Relay 概述. DCE or Frame Relay Switch. 使用虚电路进行连接 提供面向对象的服务. Frame Relay works here. Frame Relay 栈. OSI 参考模型. Frame Relay. Application.

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第十四章 应用帧中继实现 广域网连接

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  1. 第十四章应用帧中继实现广域网连接

  2. 本章目标 通过本章的学习，您应该掌握以下内容： • 了解 Frame Relay 工作过程 • 配置 Frame Relay • 配置 Frame Relay 的子端口 • 查看 Frame Relay 信息

  3. CSU/DSU Frame Relay 概述 DCE or FrameRelay Switch • 使用虚电路进行连接 • 提供面向对象的服务 Frame Relay works here.

  4. Frame Relay 栈 OSI 参考模型 Frame Relay Application Presentation Session Transport Network IP/IPX/AppleTalk, etc. Data Link Frame Relay EIA/TIA-232, EIA/TIA-449, V.35, X.21, EIA/TIA-530 Physical

  5. Frame Relay 术语 PVC DLCI: 100 DLCI: 200 LMI100=Active400=Active DLCI: 400 Local AccessLoop=64 kbps LocalAccessLoop=T1 PVC Local AccessLoop=64 kbps DLCI: 500

  6. 从提供商那里得到本地的DLCI号 建立目的地址和本地DLCI之间的映射关系 CSU/DSU Frame Relay 地址映射 PVC 10.1.1.1 DLCI: 500 Inverse ARP orFrame Relay map FrameRelay IP(10.1.1.1) DLCI (500)

  7. CSU/DSU Frame Relay 信号 DLCI: 500 PVC 10.1.1.1 x LMI500=Active400=Inactive DLCI: 400 PVC Keepalive • Cisco 路由器支持三种 LMI 标准: • Cisco • ANSI T1.617 Annex D • ITU-T Q.933 Annex A

  8. Frame Relay 的反转 ARP 协议和 LMI 工作 Frame Relay Cloud 1 DLCI=100 DLCI=400 172.168.5.5 172.168.5.7

  9. Frame Relay 的反转 ARP 协议和 LMI 工作 Frame Relay Cloud 1 DLCI=100 DLCI=400 172.168.5.5 172.168.5.7 Status Inquiry Status Inquiry 2 2

  10. Frame Relay 的反转 ARP 协议和 LMI 工作 Frame Relay Cloud 1 DLCI=100 DLCI=400 172.168.5.5 172.168.5.7 Status Inquiry Status Inquiry 2 2 Local DLCI 100=Active Local DLCI 400=Active 4 3 3

  11. Frame Relay 的反转 ARP 协议和 LMI 工作 Frame Relay Cloud 1 DLCI=100 DLCI=400 172.168.5.5 172.168.5.7 Status Inquiry Status Inquiry 2 2 Local DLCI 100=Active Local DLCI 400=Active 4 3 3 Hello, I am 172.168.5.5. 4

  12. Frame Relay 的反转 ARP 协议和 LMI 工作 Frame Relay Cloud DLCI=400 DLCI=100 172.168.5.7 172.168.5.5 Frame Relay Map 172.168.5.5 DLCI 400 Active 5 Hello, I am 172.168.5.7. 4 Frame Relay Map 172.168.5.7 DLCI 100 Active 5

  13. Frame Relay 的反转 ARP 协议和 LMI 工作 Frame Relay Cloud DLCI=400 DLCI=100 172.168.5.7 172.168.5.5 Frame Relay Map 172.168.5.5 DLCI 400 Active 5 Hello, I am 172.168.5.7. 4 Frame Relay Map 172.168.5.7 DLCI 100 Active 5 Hello, I am 172.168.5.5. 6

  14. Frame Relay 的反转 ARP 协议和 LMI 工作 Frame Relay Cloud DLCI=400 DLCI=100 172.168.5.7 172.168.5.5 Frame Relay Map 172.168.5.5 DLCI 400 Active 5 Hello, I am 172.168.5.7. 4 Frame Relay Map 172.168.5.7 DLCI 100 Active 5 Hello, I am 172.168.5.5. 6 Keepalives Keepalives 7 7

  15. 配置 Frame Relay Rel. 11.2 Router Rel. 10.3 Router Branch HQ interface Serial1 ip address 10.16.0.1 255.255.255.0 encapsulation frame-relay bandwidth 64 interface Serial1 ip address 10.16.0.2 255.255.255.0 encapsulation frame-relay bandwidth 64 frame-relay lmi-type ansi

  16. 配置 Frame Relay Rel. 11.2 Router Rel. 10.3 Router Branch HQ interface Serial1 ip address 10.16.0.2 255.255.255.0 encapsulation frame-relay bandwidth 64 frame-relay lmi-type ansi interface Serial1 ip address 10.16.0.1 255.255.255.0 encapsulation frame-relay bandwidth 64 • 反转 ARP • 缺省情况下是激活的 • 在配置输出信息中看不出来

  17. 配置静态的 Frame Relay 映射 DLCI=110 IP address=10.16.0.1/24 p1r1 Branch HQ DLCI=100 IP address=10.16.0.2/24 interface Serial1 ip address 10.16.0.1 255.255.255.0 encapsulation frame-relay bandwidth 64 frame-relay map ip 10.16.0.2 110 broadcast

  18. 显示协议、DLCI、和 LMI 的相关信息 查看 Frame Relay 信息 Router#show interface s0 Serial0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is HD64570 Internet address is 10.140.1.2/24 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Encapsulation FRAME-RELAY, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) LMI enq sent 19, LMI stat recvd 20, LMI upd recvd 0, DTE LMI up LMI enq recvd 0, LMI stat sent 0, LMI upd sent 0 LMI DLCI 1023 LMI type is CISCO frame relay DTE FR SVC disabled, LAPF state down Broadcast queue 0/64, broadcasts sent/dropped 8/0, interface broadcasts 5 Last input 00:00:02, output 00:00:02, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Queueing strategy: fifo Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops <Output omitted>

  19. 查看 Frame Relay 信息 显示 LMI 信息 Router#show frame-relay lmi LMI Statistics for interface Serial0 (Frame Relay DTE) LMI TYPE = CISCO Invalid Unnumbered info 0 Invalid Prot Disc 0 Invalid dummy Call Ref 0 Invalid Msg Type 0 Invalid Status Message 0 Invalid Lock Shift 0 Invalid Information ID 0 Invalid Report IE Len 0 Invalid Report Request 0 Invalid Keep IE Len 0 Num Status Enq. Sent 113100 Num Status msgs Rcvd 113100 Num Update Status Rcvd 0 Num Status Timeouts 0

  20. 查看 Frame Relay 信息 显示 PVC 数据通讯信息 Router#show frame-relay pvc 100 PVC Statistics for interface Serial0 (Frame Relay DTE) DLCI = 100, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial0 input pkts 28 output pkts 10 in bytes 8398 out bytes 1198 dropped pkts 0 in FECN pkts 0 in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0 in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0 out bcast pkts 10 out bcast bytes 1198 pvc create time 00:03:46, last time pvc status changed 00:03:47

  21. 查看 Frame Relay 信息 显示路由信息 Router#show frame-relay map Serial0 (up): ip 10.140.1.1 dlci 100(0x64,0x1840), dynamic, broadcast,, status defined, active

  22. 查看 Frame Relay 信息 Router#show frame-relay map Serial0 (up): ip 10.140.1.1 dlci 100(0x64,0x1840), dynamic, broadcast,, status defined, active Router#clear frame-relay-inarp Router#sh frame map Router# • 清除动态的Frame Relay 映射关系

  23. 查看 Frame Relay 信息 • Router#debug Frame lmi • Frame Relay LMI debugging is on • Displaying all Frame Relay LMI data • Router# • 1w2d: Serial0(out): StEnq, myseq 140, yourseen 139, DTE up • 1w2d: datagramstart = 0xE008EC, datagramsize = 13 • 1w2d: FR encap = 0xFCF10309 • 1w2d: 00 75 01 01 01 03 02 8C 8B • 1w2d: • 1w2d: Serial0(in): Status, myseq 140 • 1w2d: RT IE 1, length 1, type 1 • 1w2d: KA IE 3, length 2, yourseq 140, myseq 140 • 1w2d: Serial0(out): StEnq, myseq 141, yourseen 140, DTE up • 1w2d: datagramstart = 0xE008EC, datagramsize = 13 • 1w2d: FR encap = 0xFCF10309 • 1w2d: 00 75 01 01 01 03 02 8D 8C • 1w2d: • 1w2d: Serial0(in): Status, myseq 142 • 1w2d: RT IE 1, length 1, type 0 • 1w2d: KA IE 3, length 2, yourseq 142, myseq 142 • 1w2d: PVC IE 0x7 , length 0x6 , dlci 100, status 0x2 , bw 0 • 显示 LMI 的调试信息

  24. 选择 Frame Relay 拓扑结构 Full Mesh Partial Mesh Star (Hub and Spoke) • Frame Relay default: nonbroadcast, multiaccess (NMBA)

  25. 问题: 广播帧必须复制给其它已经建立的连接 1 2 3 路由信息的可达性 B RoutingUpdate B A A C C D

  26. S0.1 S0.2 S0.3 实现路由信息的可达性 Logical Interface PhysicalInterface Subnet A S0 Subnet B Subnet C • 解决方法: • 在NBMA环境的网络中使用水平分割可能造成一些问题 • 划分子端口可以解决水平分割造成的问题 • 一个物理端口可以被划分成多个逻辑意义上的子端口

  27. 子端口的配置 • 点到点 • 子端口看作是专线 • 没一个点到点连接的子端口要求由自己的子网 • 适用于星型拓扑结构 • 多点 • 子端口应用在 NBMA 网络，因此它们无法解决水平分割所带来的问题 • 由于使用的是单独的子网可以保存地址空间 • 适用于 partial-mesh 和 full-mesh 拓扑结构中

  28. 配置点到点的子端口 10.17.0.1s0.2 DLCI=110 10.17.0.2 A s0.3 10.18.0.1 B DLCI=120 interface Serial0 no ip address encapsulation frame-relay ! interface Serial0.2 point-to-point ip address 10.17.0.1 255.255.255.0  bandwidth 64 frame-relay interface-dlci 110 ! interface Serial0.3 point-to-point ip address 10.18.0.1 255.255.255.0  bandwidth 64 frame-relay interface-dlci 120 ! 10.18.0.2 C

  29. RTR1 RTR3 RTR4 多点子端口配置举例 B DLCI=120 s2.2=10.17.0.1/24 s2.1=10.17.0.2/24 DLCI=130 DLCI=140 s2.1=10.17.0.3/24 interface Serial2 no ip address encapsulation frame-relay ! interface Serial2.2 multipoint ip address 10.17.0.1 255.255.255.0  bandwidth 64 frame-relay map ip 10.17.0.2 120 broadcast frame-relay map ip 10.17.0.3 130 broadcast frame-relay map ip 10.17.0.4 140 broadcast s2.1=10.17.0.4/24

  30. 可视化目标 wg_pc_a 10.2.2.12 pod ro’s s0 A 10.140.1.2 B 10.140.2.2 C 10.140.3.2 D 10.140.4.2 E 10.140.5.2 F 10.140.6.2 G 10.140.7.2 H 10.140.8.2 I 10.140.9.2 J 10.140.10.2 K 10.140.11.2 L 10.140.12.2 e0/1 e0/2 e0 wg_ro_a 10.2.2.3 s0 10.140.1.2/24 wg_sw_a 10.2.2.11 PPP with CHAP wg_pc_l 10.13.13.12 wg_ro_l PPP with CHAP e0/1 s0 10.140.12.2/24 e0/2 e0 FR 10.13.13.3 wg_sw_l 10.13.13.11 ... s2/7.x 10.140.1.1/24 … 10.140.12.1/24 fa0/24 fa0/23 fa0/0 core_ server 10.1.1.1 core_ro 10.1.1.3 core_sw_a 10.1.1.2

  31. 了解 Frame Relay 工作过程 配置 Frame Relay 配置 Frame Relay 的子端口 查看 Frame Relay 信息 本章总结 完成本章的学习后，你应该能够掌握：

  32. 问题回顾 1. 什么是 DLCI? 2. 在Cisco路由器上，用那两种方法可以建立本地DLCI和目标地址之间的映射关系? 3. 配置Frame Relay的子端口有何好处?

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