Carol Gilligan

1. Carol Gilligan Hortensia Flores EDU- 301

2. Background • Born: November 28, 1936 in New York City • Education: • B.A in English Literature from Sawrthmore College • Masters in Clinical Psycology from Radcliff College • PhD in Social Psycology from Harvard University • 1967 began teaching at Harvard • 1970 became research assistant for Lawrence Kohlberg • Currently Professor at New York University, visiting Professor at Cambridge University

3. Influences • 1982 “In a different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women’s Development” • Lawrence Kohlberg: • Only studied “privileged white men and boys” • Moral development higher stage than women's point of view of development in terms of its caring effect on human relationships • Not Moral Midgets • Freud • Stayed attached to their mothers • Erik Erickson • Separation from mother and the family

4. Gilligan Theory • Gilligan's Stages of the Ethic of Care: • Pre-Conventional: • Person only cares for themselves in order to ensure survival • This is how everyone is as a child • In this transitional phase the personas attitude is considered selfish • Conventional: • Responsibility • More care shown for other people • Gilligan says this is shown in the role of mother and wife • Situation sometimes carries on to ignoring needs of self • In this transitional phase tensions between responsibility of caring for others and caring fro self are faced • Post Conventional: • Acceptance of the principle of care for self and others is shown • Some people never reach this level

5. Critiques • Christina Hoff Sommers, PhD • No data • Have not been able to duplicate her work • Small sample size • Promoting anti-male agenda

6. Classroom Incorporation • Single gender classrooms • Middleton School District • Identify moral issues with children

7. References • Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_Gilligan 02/20/12 • Human Growth, http://humangrowth.tripod.com/id2.html 02/20/12