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IVC Simulation and Modeling (Part 1)

IVC Simulation and Modeling (Part 1). Christoph Sommer (U Erlangen) Schloss Dagstuhl , Oct 5 2010. Motivation. Multitude of Applications.

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IVC Simulation and Modeling (Part 1)

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  1. IVC Simulation and Modeling(Part 1) ChristophSommer (U Erlangen) SchlossDagstuhl, Oct 5 2010

  2. Motivation • Multitude of Applications [1] T. L. Willke, P. Tientrakool, and N. F. Maxemchuk, "A Survey of Inter-Vehicle Communication Protocols and Their Applications," IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, vol. 11 (2), pp. 3-20, 2009 Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling

  3. Motivation • Multitude of Technologies [1] Dar, K. and Bakhouya, M. and Gaber, J. and Wack, M. and Lorenz, P., "Wireless Communication Technologies for ITS Applications," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 48 (5), pp. 156-162, May 2010 Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling

  4. Motivation • Penetration Rate • prognosis (of vendors!) in Germany and the U.S. • 14-15 yearsuntilpenetration rate ≅ 100% • cf. Personal Navigation Assistants (PNAs) in cars • 13 yearsuntilpenetration rate ≅ 14% [1]Bai, F. and Krishnamachari, B., "ExploitingtheWisdom of theCrowd: Localized, DistributedInformation-Centric VANETs," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 48 (5), pp. 138-146, May 2010 [2] Ulrich Dietz (ed.), “CoCarFeasibilityStudy: Technology, Business and Dissemination,” CoCar Consortium, Public Report, May 2009. [3] Verband der Automobilindustrie e.V., “Auto 2007 – Jahresbericht des Verbands der Automobilindustrie (VDA), “, July 2007. Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling

  5. Motivation • Infrastructure-basedor Ad Hoc? Source: AKTIV CoCar • Central coordination • Ressource allocation • Security • High latency at shortranges • Low latency at longranges • Distributedcoordination • Ressource allocation • Security • Low latency at shortranges • High latency at longranges

  6. Motivation • Highway or Urban Deployment? Source: BMW/C2C-CC • 1D-mobility • „Bipolar“ connectivitypattern • Stable (downstreamtraffic) • -AND- • Unstable (upstreamtraffic) • 2D-mobility • Alternatingconnectivitypattern • High density (waiting) • -OR- • Low density (driving)

  7. Motivation • Convergence!

  8. Motivation • Field Operational Tests • highest degree of realism • Drawbacks • allows for only superficial examination of network behavior • suffer from non-suppressible side effects • can results from 100’s of cars (simTD)be reliably extrapolated? • to 2%, to 10%, to 100% penetration rate? Picture: Mario Roberto Duran Ortiz Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling

  9. Modeling and Performance Analysis • Simulation • “default approach” for performance evaluation of network protocols and systems • network simulators: • ns-2/ns-3, JiST/SWANS, OMNeT++, … • Capabilities • highly detailed, validated models of all communication layers • Open Issues • “appropriate” modeling of mobility in network simulators? • level of detail needed / affordable for individual subcomponents • validation of scenarios, validation of models Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling

  10. Modeling and Performance Analysis • Integratedmobilitymodels • „pick destination, shiftnode, repeat“ • RandomWaypoint (RWP) • extendable to considermass, inertia • patterncanberestricted to follow „streets“ • Manhattan Grid • Problem • (very) low degree of realism Network Simulation A. Random node movement Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling

  11. Modeling and Performance Analysis • Replayingcollectedreal-worldtraces • using GPS dongles • installed in taxis, busses, … • highestdegree of realism • Problems • extrapolation„taxis -> all cars“? • no simulation ofarbitraryscenarios B. Real-world traces Network Simulation [1] V. Naumov, R. Baumann, and T. Gross, "An evaluation of inter-vehicle ad hoc networksbased on realisticvehiculartraces," Proceedings of 7th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (ACM Mobihoc 2006), Florence, Italy, March 2006, pp. 108-119 [2] M. Fiore, J. Härri, F. Filali, and C. Bonnet, "Vehicular Mobility Simulation for VANETs," Proceedings of 40th Annual Simulation Symposium (ANSS 2007), March 2007, pp. 301-309 [3] H-Y. Huang, P-E. Luo, M. Li, D. Li, X. Li, W. Shu, and M-Y. Wu, "Performance Evaluation of SUVnetWithReal-Time Traffic Data," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 56 (6), pp. 3381-3396, November 2007 Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling

  12. Modeling and Performance Analysis • Solution: (Micro-)Simulation of road traffic • -> see part 2 Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling

  13. Modeling and Performance Analysis • Replayingsimulatedtraces • source: microsimulation of roadtraffic • requiresaccuraterepresentation of desiredscenario • Problem: No interactionwithtrafficpossible Network Simulation Road Traffic Simulation C. Micro-simulation [1] C. Sommer, I. Dietrich, and F. Dressler, "Realistic Simulation of Network Protocols in VANET Scenarios," Proceedings of 26th IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM 2007): IEEE Workshop on Mobile Networkingfor Vehicular Environments (MOVE 2007), Poster Session, Anchorage, AK, May 2007, pp. 139-143 [2] B. Raney, A. Voellmy, N. Cetin, M. Vrtic, and K. Nagel, "Towards a Microscopic Traffic Simulation of All of Switzerland," Proceedings of International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2002), Amsterdam, TheNetherlands, April 2002, pp. 371-380 [3] M. Treiber, A. Hennecke, and D. Helbing, "Congested Traffic States in EmpiricalObservations and MicroscopicSimulations," Physical Review E, vol. 62, pp. 1805, 2000 Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling

  14. Modeling and Performance Analysis • BidirectionalCoupling • VSimRTI • TraCI • ... Network Simulation Road Traffic Simulation D. Bidirect. coupling [1] C. Sommer, Z. Yao, R. German, and F. Dressler, "On theNeedforBidirectionalCoupling of Road Traffic Microsimulation and Network Simulation," Proceedings of 9th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (Mobihoc 2008): 1st ACM International Workshop on Mobility Models forNetworking Research (MobilityModels 2008), HongKong, China, May 2008, pp. 41-48 [2] C. Sommer, R. German, and F. Dressler, "BidirectionallyCoupled Network and Road Traffic Simulation forImproved IVC Analysis," IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 2010. (to appear) Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling

  15. Modeling and Performance Analysis • Advantages of bidirectional coupling • Precise mobility model, high execution speed • use of established network simulation frameworks • Examples • IDM/MOBIL -> OMNeT++ [1] • VGSim: VISSIM traces -> ns-2 [2] • NCTUns (hand-made simulator) [3] • TraNS: SUMO <-> ns-2 [4] • Veins: SUMO <-> OMNeT++ [5] • … (!) [1] C. Sommer, I. Dietrich, and F. Dressler, "Realistic Simulation of NetworkProtocols in VANET Scenarios," Proceedings of 26th IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM 2007): IEEE Workshop on Mobile NetworkingforVehicularEnvironments (MOVE 2007), Poster Session, Anchorage, AK, May 2007, pp. 139-143 [2] B. Liu, B. Khorashadi, H. Du, D. Ghosal, C-N. Chuah, and M. Zhang, "VGSim: An IntegratedNetworking and MicroscopicVehicularMobility Simulation Platform," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 47 (5), pp. 134-141, May 2009 [3] S. Y. Wang, C. L. Chou, Y. H. Chiu, Y. S. Tseng, M. S. Hsu, Y. W. Cheng, W. L. Liu, and T. W. Ho, "NCTUns 4.0: An Integrated Simulation Platformfor Vehicular Traffic, Communication, and Network Researches," Proceedings of 1st IEEE International Symposium on Wireless Vehicular Communications (WiVec 2007), Baltimore, MD, October 2007 [4] M. Piorkowski, M. Raya, A. L. Lugo, P. Papadimitratos, M. Grossglauser, J.-P. Hubaux, "TraNS: Joint Traffic and Network Simulator," Proceedings of 13th ACM International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (ACM MobiCom 2007), Poster Session, Montreal, Canada, September 2007 [5] C. Sommer, R. German, and F. Dressler, "BidirectionallyCoupledNetwork and Road Traffic Simulation forImproved IVC Analysis," IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 2010. (to appear) Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling

  16. “Veins” (Vehicles in Network Simulation) Framework • Bidirectionalcoupling of dedicatedsimulators • C2X communication: • Dedicatednetworksimulator(OMNeT++) • Vehiclemovement: • Microscopicroadtrafficsimulator(SUMO) • Coupling via TCP socket • TraCI protocol (SUMO, Shawn, OMNeT++, ns-2, JiST/SWANS, … [1] C. Sommer, Z. Yao, R. German, and F. Dressler, "On theNeedforBidirectionalCoupling of Road Traffic Microsimulation and Network Simulation," Proceedings of 9th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (Mobihoc 2008): 1st ACM International Workshop on Mobility Models forNetworking Research (MobilityModels 2008), HongKong, China, May 2008, pp. 41-48 [2] C. Sommer, R. German, and F. Dressler, "BidirectionallyCoupled Network and Road Traffic Simulation forImproved IVC Analysis," IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 2010. (to appear)  www7.cs.fau.de/veins

  17. “Veins” (Vehicles in Network Simulation) Framework • TraCI: Small, subscription-based client/server protocol Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling

  18. “Veins” (Vehicles in Network Simulation) Framework • OMNeT++ • discreteeventsimulation • coredomain: networksimulation • MANETs / sensornetworks • INET Framework • models of Internet protocols • MiXiM • models of wirelesstransmissionson physicallayer • -> genericbuildingblocks • -> heterogeneousnetworks [1] A. Varga, "The OMNeT++ Discrete Event Simulation System," Proceedings of European Simulation Multiconference (ESM 2001), Prague, Czech Republic, June 2001 Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling

  19. “Veins” (Vehicles in Network Simulation) Framework • ATB„adaptivetrafficbeacon“ [1] C. Sommer, O. K. Tonguz and F. Dressler, "Traffic Information Systems: EfficientMessageDissemination via Adaptive Beaconing,“ submitted toIEEE Communications Magazine Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling

  20. “Veins” (Vehicles in Network Simulation) Framework • SUMO – Simulation of Urban Mobility • carfollowingmodel (Krauss) • lanechangemodel • time discretemicrosimulation • Open Source, portable, scalable • modelencompasses... • speedrestrictions • turn and accessrestrictions • trafficlights • ... [1] D. Krajzewicz, G. Hertkorn, C. Rössel, and P. Wagner, "SUMO (Simulation of Urban MObility); An open-sourcetrafficsimulation," Proceedings of 4th Middle East Symposium on Simulation and Modelling (MESM2002), Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, September 2002, pp. 183-187 Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling

  21. Needforrealisticscenarios • Number of Neighbors Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling

  22. Simulation scenarios • Realistic simulation setups based on accurate streetmaps as available in the OpenStreetMap project Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling

  23. Simulation scenarios Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling

  24. Simulation scenarios Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling

  25. Simulation scenarios Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling

  26. Simulation scenarios [1] C. Sommer, D. Eckhoff and F. Dressler, "ImprovingtheAccuracy of IVC Simulation usingCrowd-sourced Geodata," Praxis der Informationsverarbeitung und Kommunikation (PIK), submitted Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling

  27. The Impact of Obstacles • Distance per Hop Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling

  28. The Impact of Obstacles • Number of Neighbors Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling

  29. The Impact of Obstacles • Neighbor Lifetime Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling

  30. Raytracing? Source: AWE Communications Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling

  31. Measurements! Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling

  32. Measurements! Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling

  33. Results Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling

  34. Results Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling

  35. Data Basis Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling

  36. Obstacle Model Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling

  37. Outlook • Dealingwithlowmarketpenetration (P << 1) • to whatextentcanuse of optionallyavailableinfrastructureamelioratethis? • usesimulatorsequippedforheterogeneousnetworking... • Level of detail (#parameters ≤ 2) • How good is „good enough“? • A matter of scale? • One intersection <-> One city • Ten seconds <-> One workweek • Validation of scenarios • Canourmodelsurpriseus? Christoph Sommer: IVC Simulation and Modeling

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