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Mechanisms behind life-history trade-offs

Explore the mechanisms behind life-history trade-offs by comparing metabolic organization, energy budgets, and genetic differences between strains. Discover the costs of tolerance and the constraints on traits in evolutionary ecology. Investigate the relationship between genotype and energy allocation rules in life-history traits, providing insights for better understanding population effects and reproductive strategies.

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Mechanisms behind life-history trade-offs

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  1. Mechanisms behind life-history trade-offs molecular genetics dynamic energy budgets evolutionary ecology Tjalling Jager

  2. Trade-offs A ‘beneficial’ change in life-history trait connected to a ‘detrimental’ change in another Trade-offs … • constrain evolutionary pathways • information on mechanisms underlying traits • environmental relevance: ‘costs for tolerance’

  3. molecular level life-history traits Compare two strains

  4. metabolic organisation Compare two strains • Molecular level affects traits unspecifically • no unique (set of) gene(s) exist for a single trait • Traits themselves cannot be independent • traits are constrained by mass and energy balance • Strong theory exists for allocation rules molecular level life-history traits

  5. maturation maintenance Metabolic organisation Dynamic mass and energy budgets SOURCE SINKS

  6. Metabolic perspective Change in one energy-budget parameter: fraction allocated reserves to growth vs. reproduction

  7. sensitive tolerant sensitive tolerant Costs of tolerance • Under long-term exposure, tolerance can evolve • e.g., metals and pesticides • Trade-offs: associated metabolic costs? somatic maintenance increased by 25%

  8. patterns & trade-offs validation tolerance primary energy-budget parameters theory and models full life- cycle data genotypic differences population effects Research approach

  9. patterns & trade-offs validation tolerance primary energy-budget parameters theory and models full life- cycle data genotypic differences population effects Research approach • Strains differ in more parameters simultaneously • test large number of pure strains (RI strains) • collaboration with Dept. Nematology (WUR) • Difficult to extract all energy-budget parameters • perturbations (food level and toxicants) • Traits do not fully depend on genotype • quantify inter- and intra-genotype variation • How to link to genotypic differences? • QTL-mapping (strains are genotyped)

  10. metabolic organisation population biology life-history ecology molecular genetics primary parameters of energy budget life-history traits population effects genotype allocation rules maximum size size at maturity reproduction rate etc. … maintenance rate assimilation rate costs for an egg etc. … “fitness” Outlook: causality evolutionary biology

  11. metabolic organisation population biology life-history ecology molecular genetics primary parameters of energy budget life-history traits population effects genotype allocation rules variation stressors “fitness” Outlook: causality evolutionary biology

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