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Mechanisms behind life-history trade-offs

Mechanisms behind life-history trade-offs. molecular genetics. dynamic energy budgets. evolutionary ecology. Tjalling Jager. Trade-offs. A ‘beneficial’ change in life-history trait connected to a ‘detrimental’ change in another. Trade-offs … constrain evolutionary pathways

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Mechanisms behind life-history trade-offs

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  1. Mechanisms behind life-history trade-offs molecular genetics dynamic energy budgets evolutionary ecology Tjalling Jager

  2. Trade-offs A ‘beneficial’ change in life-history trait connected to a ‘detrimental’ change in another Trade-offs … • constrain evolutionary pathways • information on mechanisms underlying traits • environmental relevance: ‘costs for tolerance’

  3. molecular level life-history traits Compare two strains

  4. metabolic organisation Compare two strains • Molecular level affects traits unspecifically • no unique (set of) gene(s) exist for a single trait • Traits themselves cannot be independent • traits are constrained by mass and energy balance • Strong theory exists for allocation rules molecular level life-history traits

  5. maturation maintenance Metabolic organisation Dynamic mass and energy budgets SOURCE SINKS

  6. Metabolic perspective Change in one energy-budget parameter: fraction allocated reserves to growth vs. reproduction

  7. sensitive tolerant sensitive tolerant Costs of tolerance • Under long-term exposure, tolerance can evolve • e.g., metals and pesticides • Trade-offs: associated metabolic costs? somatic maintenance increased by 25%

  8. patterns & trade-offs validation tolerance primary energy-budget parameters theory and models full life- cycle data genotypic differences population effects Research approach

  9. patterns & trade-offs validation tolerance primary energy-budget parameters theory and models full life- cycle data genotypic differences population effects Research approach • Strains differ in more parameters simultaneously • test large number of pure strains (RI strains) • collaboration with Dept. Nematology (WUR) • Difficult to extract all energy-budget parameters • perturbations (food level and toxicants) • Traits do not fully depend on genotype • quantify inter- and intra-genotype variation • How to link to genotypic differences? • QTL-mapping (strains are genotyped)

  10. metabolic organisation population biology life-history ecology molecular genetics primary parameters of energy budget life-history traits population effects genotype allocation rules maximum size size at maturity reproduction rate etc. … maintenance rate assimilation rate costs for an egg etc. … “fitness” Outlook: causality evolutionary biology

  11. metabolic organisation population biology life-history ecology molecular genetics primary parameters of energy budget life-history traits population effects genotype allocation rules variation stressors “fitness” Outlook: causality evolutionary biology

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