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Understanding Windows

Understanding Windows. Chapter 4. Overview. In this chapter, you will learn how to Relate the history of Microsoft Windows Explain the Windows interface Identify the operating system folders of Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Vista Describe the utilities in Windows essential to techs.

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Understanding Windows

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  1. Understanding Windows Chapter 4

  2. Overview In this chapter, you will learn how to Relate the history of Microsoft Windows Explain the Windows interface Identify the operating system folders of Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Vista Describe the utilities in Windows essential to techs

  3. Versions of Windows on the CompTIA A+ exams

  4. Brief History of Microsoft Windows Windows 3.x Graphic overlay of DOS Windows NT First true Windows OS Primarily used in high-end systems Replaced FAT with NTFS

  5. Brief History of Microsoft Windows (continued) Windows 9x First version of Windows for typical users Multiple versions, such as 95, 98, 98 SE, and Me

  6. Windows 2000 Based on Windows NT, but with a better interface Included support for NTFS Came in Professional and Server versions

  7. Windows XP Essentially the same OS as Windows 2000 Dramatically improved interface and support for hardware and software Multiple versions, such as Professional,Home, and Media Center

  8. Windows XP Professional Big claim to fame: Windows domain

  9. Windows XP Home Easier to explain what Home can’t do compared to Professional No Windows domains No encrypting file system No support for more than one processor No support for Remote Desktop Cripples NTFS support – simple file sharing No group policies

  10. Windows Media Center Same as Home, but adds Media Center

  11. Windows Vista (continued) Vista Home Basic Like XP Home, geared to basic home users Vista Home Premium Home Basic with upgraded multimedia applications

  12. Windows Vista (continued) Vista Business Basic business version with security, file sharing, and domain access Vista Ultimate Includes all other version features, plus more

  13. Enter 64-bit Windows Windows XP Professional x64 Edition Runs on any AMD or Intel processor that supports both 32 bits and 64 bits Windows Vista x64 Most 32-bit software runs fine in 64-bit OS Some software requires emulation, calledCompatibility Mode: Right-click an executableand select Properties. Select Compatibility tab.

  14. Windows Interface All versions share common look and feel Utilities same or similar GUI works the same Command-line interface has similar commands Master one, and you’re well on your way to mastering them all Three areas of interest Common user interface Tech-oriented utilities Typical OS folders

  15. User Interface Login screen (2000/XP Pro in a domain) Welcome Screen (XP Home and Pro not in a domain, Windows Vista)

  16. Desktop

  17. Aero Desktop Unique to Vista (and Windows 7) Transparency Flip 3D

  18. Aero Desktop (continued) Hardware requirements DirectX 9 capable video card or better 128 MB of video RAM Windows Display Driver Model (WDDM) driver Pixel Shader version 2.0 Hot keys WINDOWS KEY-TAB to open and cycle WINDOWS KEY-TAB-SHIFT to cycle backward

  19. If WINDOWS KEY-TAB works, you have Aero Right-click Personalization, and then Windows Color and Appearance Testing for Aero

  20. Taskbar and Start Menu System Tray/Notification area Start Button Quick Launch

  21. The Many Faces of Windows Explorer My Computer Provides access to drives, folders, and files Customizable: Can display different views, show hidden files, hide file extensions, and more

  22. Lab – Toggle Folder List (XP) The Folder List view enables you to copy and move files easily between drives and folders In Windows Explorer, click the Folders button Now copy and move some files We do this all the time, but we don’t think about what we’re doing When dragging files/folders, holding down the CTRL key copies the files/folders versus moving them

  23. Lab – Changing Views Windows hides certain things by default Change Folder Options to see these things. In My Documents, click Tools | Folder Options Select View tab Select Show hidden files and folders Deselect Hide extensions for known file types Deselect Hide protected operating system files

  24. My Documents / User’s Files Windows XP My Pictures, My Music, My Videos Windows Vista Documents, Pictures, Music, Video

  25. User Interface Recycle Bin Deleted files sent to the Recycle Bin Can retrieve them if desired Size can be adjusted My Network Places/Network Shows the current network connections available Windows Sidebar Enables small helper applications called gadgets

  26. Working with text ● Function keys Hot Keys F1 Help F2 Rename F3 Search Menu CTRL-C Copy F4 Open the Address Bar CTRL-X Cut CTRL-V Paste F5 Refresh current window CTRL-Z Undo CTRL-B Bold F10 Activate menu bar options CTRL-U Underline CTRL-I Italic

  27. Popular hot keys Hot Keys (continued) CTRL-ESC Open Start menu ALT-TAB Switch between open programs ALT-F4 Quit program CTRL-Z Undo the last command CTRL-A Select all the items in the current window SHIFT-DELETE Delete item permanently SHIFT-F10 Open shortcut menu SHIFT Bypass Autorun for CDs ALT-SPACE Display system menu ALT-ENTER Open properties CTRL-SHIFT-ESC Launch Task Manager

  28. Windows Key shortcuts Hot Keys (continued)  Open Start menu -R Open Run command -BREAK Open system properties -D Show desktop -M Minimize all windows -E Open My Computer -L Lock computer -F Search for file or menu

  29. Operating System Folders Techs need to know where to find the important OS folders and files . . . And what to do when they get there! System folder Other folders, such as Program Files, Documents and Settings, and C:\WINNT or C:\WINDOWS Registry Page File

  30. System folder Folder where the OS files are installed %systemroot% Typically C:\Windows in XP and Vista, C:\Winnt in 2000 Operating System Folders (continued)

  31. Operating System Folders (continued) C:\%systemroot%\Fonts All fonts reside here C:\%systemroot%\Offline Files Web pages saved for offline viewing C:\%systemroot%\SYSTEM32 Even more OS files C:\%systemroot%\Temp Windows and apps create temp files here

  32. Program Folders C:\Program Files (All Versions) For installed applications C:\Program Files (x86) Only seen in 64-bit Windows Where 32-bit apps are placed 64-bit apps are placed in C:\Program Files

  33. Personal File Locations (2000/XP) C:\Documents and Settings (2000 and XP) All user personal files and settings C:\Documents and Settings\Default User (hidden) C:\Documents and Settings\All Users C:\Documents and Settings\Shared Documents (XP only)

  34. Personal File Locations (2000/XP) C:\Documents and Settings\<User Name> C:\Documents and Settings\<User Name>\Desktop C:\Documents and Settings\<User Name>\<User name>\Documents C:\Documents and Settings\<User Name>\Application Data (hidden) C:\Documents and Settings\<User Name>\Start Menu

  35. Personal File Locations (Vista) C:\Users (Vista) All user personal files and settings C:\Users\Default (hidden)\Users\All Users, \Users\<User Name> C:\Users\<User Name> C:\Users\<User Name>\Desktop C:\Users\<User Name>\Documents C:\Users\<User Name>\Downloads C: \Users\<User Name>\Start Menu

  36. Registry Registry A unified database Stores all hardware and software configuration info for the local computer Data stored in Registry files called hives In %SystemRoot%\System32\Config folder Rarely modified directly Instead modified via Control Panel or Administrative Tools

  37. Registry (continued) Accessing the Registry Regedit Older version—allowed easy searches Regedt32 Newer version—better for modifying Registry Combined version in XP and Vista When using the Registry Editors, be very careful! Does not recognize syntax or semantic errors May prevent your operating system from loading

  38. Registry (continued) Regedit in Windows 2000 Regedt32 in Windows 2000

  39. Registry (continued) Combined in Windows XP and Vista Typing Regedit or Regedt32 launches same program in XP and Vista

  40. Registry (continued) Registry components HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT Defines standard class objects HKEY_CURRENT_USER Personalized information for current user HKEY_USERS Generalized information for all users HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE General hardware configuration info HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG Hardware information for this boot

  41. Page File Also known as RAM cache or virtual memory. Default and recommended size is 1.5× system RAM size. Windows page files are used to implement virtual memory. Enables the system to work as though it has more memory than it does. Uses hard drive for extra memory.

  42. Tech Utilities Where to find the right tools for the job Right-click Control Panel Device Manager System Tools Command line Microsoft Management Console Administrative Tools

  43. Brings up a menu of options for that object Also called: Alt menu Context menu Works almost everywhere Properties selection very common Right-Click

  44. Control Panel Handles maintenance, upgrade, and configuration aspects for Windows Start | Settings | Control Panel Contains many mini-programs, called applets Any icon in the Control Panel is a file with a CPL extension If Control Panel won’t start, one of these is probably corrupt—rename each one until you find the bad one

  45. Device Manager Used to configure hardware and drivers Access through System applet in Control Panel Properties of My Computer, Hardware (2000/XP) Properties of Computer, Device Manager (Vista) -Break, Hardware Computer Management Start | Run, type devmgmt.msc, click OK

  46. Device Manager (continued) Devices are organized in special groups called types. Problems identified with red “X” or a yellow exclamation point. Windows Vista/7 uses a down arrow icon to display a manually disabled device. Can also update drivers here. First place to check for hardware issues.

  47. System Tools A collection of tech utilities found on the Start menu Start | All Programs | Accessories | System Tools

  48. Start | Run | cmd Not DOS DOS is dead, but CLI thrives Command-Line Interface (CLI)

  49. Microsoft Management Console (MMC) Shell program - holds utilities called snap-ins Start | Run | mmc Starts with blank console Add snap-ins: File | Add/Remove Snap-ins | Add Save the new customized console you created

  50. Lab – Using the MMC • Create a collection of tools that you can use to manage the hard drive • Select Start | Run | MMC • Rename “Console Root” to “My Disk Tools” • Add the following snap-in: • File | Add\Remove Snap-Ins: • Disk Defragmenter • Disk Management • Save to the desktop as My Disk Tools • Close the MMC • Open the new collection of tools from your desktop

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