What molecules make up living things?

1. What molecules make up living things? ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

2. What is an organic molecule? • Must contain the element _______ • Found in living organisms • Some organic molecules contain _________ and _________ • Some contain nitrogen (only_______)

3. What is an inorganic molecule? • Any molecule that is not organic is _________ • Does not contain ________ • Exception is ____ doesn’t contain H LIVING THINGS CONTAIN BOTH ORGANIC AND INORGANIC MOLECULES

4. 4 Kinds of Organic Compounds • __________ • __________ • __________ • __________ THESE MOLECULES CAN ALSO BE CALLED ___________________ _____= BIG , MOLECULES= DIFFERENT

5. How do carbohydrates look? • ____ shaped • Contains C,H,O

6. Carbohydrate Scientific Name • Monosaccharide is the monomer (building block) name Mono=one monosaccharide(single carb) glucose • Monosaccharides can join together to form… Di= two disaccharide (double sugar) glucose+ glucose= maltose glucose +fructose= sucrose glucose+ galactose= lactose Poly more than two (polysaccharide)

7. Examples of Carbohydrates • Monosaccharides • Glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose • Dissacharides • sucrose, lactose, maltose • Polysaccharides • Starch, cellulose, chitin, glycogen

8. Disaccharides

9. Polysaccharides

10. Carbohydrates- Biological Function and Features • Main source of usable ______ for organisms • Used in the presence of oxygen to generate cellular energy (ATP)= cellular respiration • Carbohydrates make up part of our cell membrane (hydrophobic) • Sweet in flavor • ______ is an important complex carbohydrate made from glucose • _________ is a carbohydrate that make up plant cell walls raw veggies are crunchy because you are eating the cell wall • We store carbohydrates in the liver in a form called GLYCOGEN

11. Carbohydrate Chain on Outside of cell membrane

12. How do living things obtain these carbohydrates? • Food that they eat • Grains and plants

13. How are these molecules made and biochemically stored in organisms? Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation)

14. How does condensation occur? • One molecule of water is lost for every monosaccharide molecules that come together. • Two molecules are then covalently bonded. • Can continue to form long chains called polymers

16. How do organisms break large carbohydrates for usage? • Hydrolysis • Using water to split di- and poly-saccharides in order to form monosaccharides (glucose) • The monosaccharides can then be used by cell to generate cell energy (ATP)

17. Hydrolysis

18. Animation • http://nhscience.lonestar.edu/biol/dehydrat/dehydrat.html

19. Lipids • Also known as ____ or ____ • Fat: solid at room temperature • Oil: liquid at room temp Monomer building blocks of two parts: Glycerol and 3 fatty acids

20. Forming a lipid molecule 3 fatty acids molecules 1 glycerol

21. Process used to form a lipid molecule • ___________ (Dehydration Synthesis) • 3 Water molecules are drawn out to form one lipid molecule • Forms a triglyceride molecule

23. Lipid formation animation • http://nutrition.jbpub.com/resources/animations.cfm?id=10&debug=0

24. One Lipid molecule SHAPED LIKE A LETTER E

25. Biological Function • Lipids chiefly function in ______ storage, protection, and ________ in living things • A main component of cell membranes • Fats: found in animals • Oils: found in animals and plants. Waxes: found in plants solid at room temp. • ________: contain fat compounds ( biological hormones, cholesterol)

26. Ways to Recognize a Lipid • 3 Fatty acid chains • Shaped like a letter E • Large and long molecule

27. Types of lipids (fats) • Unsaturated lipid (fats): • the fatty acid component contains C bonded to C using a double bond or a triple bond

28. Types of lipids (fats) • Polyunsaturated Lipids These lipids have more than one double or triple bond in their fatty acid tails

29. Saturated lipids (fats): all carbon in the fatty acid chains are single bonded

30. What is a protein? • _______ are organic molecules that play an important role in • _____ and _____ of cells • Can be used for _____ • Helps to keep a stable body temperature(_________) • Growth and repair and support of muscle tissue, hair, skin, nails (ex. Keratin and collagen) • Carry out genetic _______ from the nucleus (in ___) • Helps to speed up biochemical reactions (_______) • Fighting off infections (antibodies)

31. Composition of Proteins • Monomer: _______ _____ • 3 Parts to an amino acid: Amino _____, __ side chain, _______ acid group

32. How do amino acids come together? • ____________ ________ (condensation) • Results in a _________ BOND

33. How do amino acids come together

34. How do amino acids form proteins? Condensation/ Dehydration Synthesis • Forms a _______ ______ when amino acids combine • 2 a.a. coming together= __PEPTIDE • 3 or more a.a. coming together = ____PEPTIDE • 50-3000 a.a. linked together considered a PROTEIN

36. Animation- Protein • http://nhscience.lonestar.edu/biol/dehydrat/dehydrat.html

37. How can proteins change? • http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/proteinstructure.html

38. What are nucleic acids? • Compounds that contain ________ and _________ in addition to other organic elements C,O,H • Found in ___________ material in the form of ____ or ____

39. DNA- Deoxyribonucleic Acid • Contains the genetic hereditary code that makes each of us different. Our genetic “blueprint”

40. What is RNA? • RNA= _________ _____ • RNA is _______ stranded • Controls genetic messages of the cell to form ________ for the cell.(takes place in ________)

41. Monomer for Nucleic Acids • Arranged as repeating NUCLEOTIDES

42. RNA Picture