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Housing Derivatives Piet Eichholtz. Housingderivatives The risk of home-ownership Home-ownership in the Netherlands The hart of the matter Types of housing derivatives Will there be housing derivatives in Holland? Enter Sheet: Real price index 62-94.
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Housing Derivatives • Piet Eichholtz
Housingderivatives • The risk of home-ownership • Home-ownership in the Netherlands • The hart of the matter • Types of housing derivatives • Will there be housing derivatives in Holland? • Enter Sheet: • Real price index 62-94
The risk of home-ownership • Recent figures • Netherlands, France and UK • Historic figures • Herengracht index • Types of risk: • Total risk • Market risk • Specific risk • - within residential market • - national and international • - with respect to other wealth-components
Correlation coefficients of annual nominal returns • based on the weighted repeate sales indices for 1974-1995 • Fr Gr Dr Ov Ge Ut Nh Zh Nb Li NL • Fr - • Gr .87 - • Dr .84 .84 - • Ov .86 .87 .85 - • Ge .88 .91 .90 .93 - • Ut .84 .86 .87 .88 .95 - • Nh .84 .87 .87 .88 .95 .97 - • Zh .86 .88 .87 .89 .96 .96 .96 - • Nb.89 .90 .88 .91 .96 .95 .95 .95 - • Li .67 .70 .70 .74 .76 .74 .75 .75 .75 - • NL .89 .91 .90 .93 .98 .95 .95 .96 .96 .75 -
Summary Statistics • Period 1975-1995 • Stocks Bonds Homes • Average Return 12.99% 7.85% 7.74% • Standard Deviation 13.14% 6.72% 10.01% • Correlation Coefficients • Stocks 1.00 • Bonds 0.24 1.00 • Homes 0.01 0.20 1.00 • Inflation 0.02 -0.01 0.09 • Enter Sheet: • home-ownership-income
Availability of homes for lower incomes • Subsidized Sales of Segmentation Competition • New houses Rentals Owner market Rentals • Germany +/- - -- • Netherlands ++ -- • Sweden ++ - • France ++ -- • Denmark - +/- + • US - +/- ++ + • Canada+ • Belgium ++ + - - • UK - ++ ++ +
Financial Instrument of Governments • Savings- Unique Continuous Low • Facilities Support Support Interest rate • Germany + - - + • Netherlands - + + + • Sweden - + • France + - - + • Denmark + - - - • US + • Canada+ • Belgium - + - + • UK - + - -
Home-ownership in the Netherlands • Past and Present • Relationship with income • Financing • Governmental interference • Why? • How?
Tax treatment of Home-ownership • Rental value Interest deduction • Germany none none • Netherlands forfait unlimited • Sweden 2% first part unlimited • 8% higher part • France none tax-credit (25%) • max: 5yrs, amount, income • Denmark 2.5% < 1.3 mln tax credit 50% • 7.5% > 1.3 mln • US none max: mortgage debt • Canada none none • Belgium forfait max: rental value • UK none limited to first £30,000
The hart of the matter • Specific risks are the cost of home-ownership • Stimulating home-ownership for low incomes • How can this be done? • For whom does this apply?
Types of housing derivatives • Insurance: Home equity insurance • Options/futures • Housing trusts • How does this work? • Cash-settlement on indices
Will housing derivatives arise in Holland? • Discussion • Are the investors? • Is there consumer demand? • What will insurance companies do? • Are there politicians that understand the topic?