Paticca-Samuppada

1. Paticca-Samuppada

2. Namo Tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammasambuddhassa (3 times)

3. Delete picture if it does not serve any purpose

4. 1st Week After Enlightenment - Under the Bodhi Tree During the first week after enlightenment, the Buddha sat under the bodhi tree experiencing the happiness of freedom and peace. At the end of the week, during the first watch, the Buddha arose from the state of Concentration and thoroughly reflected on the“Dependent Origination” (Paticca Samuppada) in direct order.  During the middle watch of the night, He thoroughly reflected on the“Dependent Origination” (Paticca Samuppada) in reverse order.  During the last watch of the night, He fully contemplated on the Cause and Effect of conditional phenomenaboth in their direct and reverse order. 

5. Paicca-samuppda The Paticca-Samuppada explains the conditional and dependent nature of the uninterrupted flux of the manifold mental and physical phenomena of existence. Paticca =‘dependent upon’Samuppada =‘arising’ or ‘origination’ The method of the Paticca-Samuppada should be understood as follows: Dependent on ‘A’ arises ‘B’. Dependent on ‘B’ arises ‘C’. When there is no ‘A’, there is no ‘B’. When there is no ‘B’, there is no ‘C’.

6. The Cycle of Dependent Origination – twelve links Ignorance Decay, death, sorrow, lamentation pain, grief and despair Kammic formations Consciousness Birth Mind & Matter Becoming Six Sense Bases Clinging Contact Cravings Feelings

7. Ignorance (avijj) If I make more money, I will be the happiest person in the world!! Mental blindness or unknowing (knowing wrongly) Characteristic To confuse Function Conceal the true nature of objects Manifestation “Ignorance is the deep delusion wherein we are here so long circling around”said the Buddha.

8. Ignorance (avijj)– Mental Blindness or Unknowing: • The Truth of Suffering • The Origin of Suffering • The Cessation of Suffering • The Path Leading to the Cessation of Suffering • The past Five Aggregates • The future Five Aggregates • The past and the future Five Aggregates together • Specific conditionality and conditionally-arisen states including kamma and its consequences.

9. Non Greed Hatred Non Hatred Non Delusion (wisdom) Greed Delusion Kammic formations - (Sakhra) Sakhrasignifies immoral ,moral and imperturbable volitions which constitute Kamma and causes rebirth. It includes all moral and immoral thoughts, words and deeds. Actions (good and bad) which are rooted in ignorance and which must produce their due effects, tend to prolong wandering in Samsara.

10. Kammic Formations (Sakhra) • The volition in the 12 types of unwholesome consciousness (8 rooted in greed, 2 rooted in anger, 2 rooted in delusion). • The volition in the 8 types of sense-sphere wholesome consciousness & 4 associated with knowledge and 4 dissociated from knowledge. • The volition in the 5 types of wholesome consciousness pertaining to the fine-material sphere. • The volition in the 4 types of wholesome consciousness pertaining to the immaterial sphere.

11. How does ignorance condition karmic formations? Not knowing the noble truth of suffering (birth, ageing, sickness, death, separation from whom you love, associate from whom you do not like, cannot get what you want.) in round of rebirth, wrongly perceive suffering in the round of rebirth to be pleasant Formation of demerit Formation of merit Formation of imperturbable = 4

12. How does ignorance condition karmic formations? Not knowing craving is origin of suffering, they wrongly think pleasure or craving is origin of happiness Formation of demerit Formation of demerit Formation of merit Formation of imperturbable = 4

13. Formation of demerit How does ignorance condition karmic formations? ‘unknowing’ about the Cessation of the suffering, one misperceives the Cessation of Suffering to be in some particular destiny (such as heaven or Brahma world)[1] Formation of demerit Formation of merit Formation of imperturbable = 4

14. Formation of demerit How does ignorance condition karmic formations? Not knowing the Path… noble 8 fold path, misperceives the Path as in animal or human sacrifice or worshiping the God, trees, fire or certain rite and ritual Formation of demerit Formation of merit Formation of imperturbable = 4

15. Consciousness (Viñña) (refers to resultant consciousness) • Rebirth linking consciousness. (sense-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere) • In the course of an individual existence

16. How do karmic formations condition consciousness?

17. Consciousness - Viñña It is so called because it links the past with the present, and it is the initial consciousness one experiences at the moment of conception. Kamma Force The foetus in the mother’s womb is formed by the combination of this relinking-consciousness with the sperm and ovum cells of the parents. In this consciousness are latent all the past impressions, characteristics and tendencies of that particular individual life-flux.

18. How Do Karmic Formations Condition Consciousness at Rebirth? M J B J B J B J J Dh B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 Rb B7 B8 B16

19. How Do Karmic Formations Condition Consciousness During Course of Existence? M J B J B J B J J Dh B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 Rb B7 B8 DH

20. MIND feeling, perception formations.. MATTER 4 Great Element Derived Matter How Consciousness Conditioned Mind and Matter? Consciousness

21. How Consciousness Conditioned Mind and Matter (for Human)? • 1 Citta + 33 cetasikas • 30 Matter • Sex decad kalàpa • Body decad kalàpa • Heart- base decad kalàpa M J B J B J B J J Dh B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 Rb B7 B8 B16

22. How Consciousness Conditioned Mind and Matter (for Spontaneous Birth)? V A M J J J J J Dh B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 Rb B7 B8 B16 • 1citta and 3 (feeling,perception and formation) • Kamma-born Matter • Eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, sex and heart base decad kalapa.

23. How Consciousness Conditioned Mind and Matter? Consciousness Sense-sphere beings (spontaneous rebirth)

24. 1 Citta + 33 cetasikas • 30 Matter • Sex decad kalàpa • Body decad kalàpa • Heart- base decad kalàpa Womb-Born Beings (Human) B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 Rb B7 B8 B16 M J J J J J J J B Dh

25. Consciousness Brahma in Fine-material Sphere

26. 4. Dependent on Mind-and-Matter, Six Sense Bases Arise Mind-and-Matter Six Sense Bases

27. Six Sense Bases - Salyatana During the embryonic period, the six sense-bases gradually evolve. Over a period of time, the small embryo develops into a complex six senses-machine. All the six organs (eye, ear, nose, tongue, body and mind), collide with their respective objects (forms, sounds, odours, sapids, tangibles and mental objects) giving rise to six types of consciousness.

28. 6 Sense Bases (Salyatana) 1. Eye-base (cakkhyatana) • The mind base (manyatana = consciousness) 2. Ear-base (sotyatana) 3. Nose-base (ghnyatana 4. Tongue-base (jivhyatana) 5. Body-base (kyyatana)

29. Manyatana 1. Nma-paccay Mental Factors Consciousness 2. Nma-paccay Rūpyatana Consciousness + MF 5-Sense Bases Rūpyatana 3. Rūpa-paccay 5-Sense Bases 4 Elements+Life+Nutriment 4. Rūpa-paccay Manyatana 5 Sense-Bases Consciousness 5. Nmarūpa-paccay Manyatana MF+5 Sense Bases Consciousness

30. Contact 5. Dependent on Six Sense Bases Arise, Contact Arise 6 sense bases 6 types of Consciousness 6 sense objects

31. 6. Dependent on Contact Feelings Arise It is this feeling that experiences the desirable and undesirable fruits of an action done in this or in a previous birth. Feeling (or sensation) is a mental state common to all types of consciousness. What precious jewels!! I am going to be rich!!

32. Feeling (Vedan) When the six sense objects impinge on the respective six sense bases, six classes of feeling are formed: • Feeling born of eye-contact • Feeling born of ear-contact • Feeling born of nose-contact • Feeling born of tongue- contact • Feeling born of body-contact • Feeling born of mind-contact “.. like a bubble, perishing immediately after it forms “

33. MIND Feeling (Vedan) • Feeling born of eye-contact • Feeling born of ear-contact • Feeling born of nose-contact • Feeling born of tongue- contact • Feeling born of body-contact • Feeling born of mind-contact • Pleasurable • Painful • Neutral

34. 7. Dependent on Feelings Craving Arises Tanha includes all forms of greed, desire, lust, yearning, longing, affection. C = being a cause of suffering; F = to delight; M= as insatiability

35. 7. Dependent on Feelings Craving Arises

36. Where Does Craving Arise and Take Root? • Where there is delightful and the pleasurable, there craving arises and takes root. Forms • Sounds ,smell, taste, tangible objects and mental object are delightful and pleasurable , then craving arises and take root. • The most powerful factors in the Wheel of Life are ignorance and craving. Ignorance is shown as the past cause that conditions the present; and craving, the present cause that conditions the future.

37. 8. Dependent on craving arisesclinging Iwant to remain Chairman Characteristic Seizing Function Not to release Strong form of craving ad as view Manifestation Depending on craving is grasping which is intense craving. Tanha is like groping in the dark to steal an object. Upadana corresponds to the actual stealing of the object.

38. Clinging (updna) = Intense Craving • Sensual pleasure • False views • Rites and rituals • Doctrine of self I

39. 9. Dependent on clinging arisesbecoming Becoming(bhava) Characteristic Being kamma kamma-result Make become and to become Function Wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate Manifestation

40. 9. Dependent on Clinging Arises Becoming Becoming is 2 fold 1. Kamma process becoming (kamma-bhava) = volitions (Both moral and immoral actions which constitute Kamma.) 2. Resultant rebirth process becoming (Upapattti-bhava) = aggregates generated by kamma The difference between Sakhra (kammic formation) and bhava becoming) is that the former pertains to the past and the latter to the present life.

41. Birth(jti) 10. Dependent on Becoming Arises Birth The first manifestation of any aggregates in a new existence

42. 10. Dependent on Becoming Arises Birth The first manifestation of any aggregates in a new existence It is the arising of the psycho-physical phenomena (khandhanam patubhavo).

43. 11. Dependent on Birth Arises Aging, Death…… • Decay - bodily deterioration – such as loss of teeth, grey hair, wrinkles, loss of memory, etc. • Death – breakup of aggregates • Sorrow – burning in the mind • Lamentation – crying out after loss • Pain – pain in the body • Grief – pain in mind • Despair – extremely burning in the mind, loss of hope Thus arises the whole mass of suffering Birth leads to -

44. Past cause Ignorance Kammic formations Present effect Consciousness Mind & Matter 6 sense bases Contact Feeling Present causes Craving Clinging Becoming Future effect Birth Decay Death Sorrow Lamentation Pain Grief Despair Three Periods of Time Past Present Future

45. Past cause Ignorance Kammic formations (Craving Clinging Becoming) Present effect Conciousness Mind & Matter 6 sense bases Contact Feeling Present causes Craving Clinging Becoming (Ignorance & Kammic formations) Future effect Birth Decay Death Future causes Craving Clinging Becoming (Ignorance & Kammic formations) Three Periods of Time Past Present Future

46. The 3 Rounds

47. Saÿsāra

48. Attainment of (Arahant) Path and Fruition Knowledge Ignorance ceases The whole chain of Dependent Origination breaks down Ignorance ceases  kammic formations cease  consciousness ceases  mind & matter cease  6 sense bases cease  contact ceases  feelings cease  craving ceases  clinging ceases  becoming ceases  birth does not arise  decay, death, sorrow, lamentation, pain, despair do not arise The entire mass of suffering ceases

49. Paticca Samuppada This process of cause and effect continues ad infinitum. A beginning of this process cannot be determined as it is impossible to conceive of a time when this life-flux was not encompassed by ignorance. But when this ignorance is replaced by wisdom and the life-flux realises the Nibbana Dhatu, then only does the rebirth process terminate.

50. What is the path leading to the cessation of all suffering ? The Noble Eightfold Path