Guiding Principles for Gathering Design Information

1. Guiding Principles for Gathering Design Information • Never underestimate the amount of information available on any subject • It is always better to base your design on existing information rather than relying exclusively on your own ideas. Chapter 3-Information and Communication

2. Type of Information • Technical • Stimulation • Economic • Acquisition Chapter 3-Information and Communication

3. Cost Estimate for Rooftop Multizone Air Conditioner Table 3.1 Chapter 3-Information and Communication

4. Advertisement for Technical Equipment Fig. 3.1 Chapter 3-Information and Communication

5. Dudgeon’s Ultrathin Lifting Jack Fig. 3.2 Chapter 3-Information and Communication

6. NASA Deep Space Network Antenna Fig. 3.3 Chapter 3-Information and Communication

7. Downloadable CAD Drawing Fig. 3.4 Chapter 3-Information and Communication

8. Information Repositories • Professional Libraries • Personal Libraries • Internet Chapter 3-Information and Communication

9. Stages of Information Acquisition • Identify the kind of information required. • Physically or electronically gather the information. • Determine how reliable and credible the information is. • Decide when to stop looking. Chapter 3-Information and Communication

10. Hierarchy of Library Information Sources (after Dieter) Table 3.2 Chapter 3-Information and Communication

11. Simple Band-Pass Filter Circuit Fig. 3.5 Chapter 3-Information and Communication

12. EDN Magazine Fig. 3.6(a) Chapter 3-Information and Communication

13. Machine Design Magazine Fig. 3.6(b) Chapter 3-Information and Communication

14. Water Engineering and Management Magazine Fig. 3.6(c) Chapter 3-Information and Communication

15. Codes and Standards Always assume that a standard exists that will affect your design. Chapter 3-Information and Communication

16. Information on Consensus Standards • Index and Directory of Industry Standards • Volume I: U.S. Standards-subject index. • Volume II: numeric listing of U.S. Standards. • Volumes III, IV, and V: Standards issued in non-U. S. Countries and International Standards. Chapter 3-Information and Communication

17. Uniform Building Code (UBC) • Published by International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO). • Three volumes: Fire and Safety, Structural Design, and Materials& Testing. • Revised every three years. • Other ICBO Codes, such as Uniform Mechanical Code, Uniform Fire Code, and Uniform Housing Code are compatible with UBC. Chapter 3-Information and Communication

18. Example: Design of Smoke-Control System Zones. • Design parameters: • Openings of height h = 12 ft, • Smoke temperature tf = 150°F, • Ambient air temperature to = 70°F. • UBC Section 905.4.2 gives the minimum air velocity v(ft/min) as • But UBC Section 905.4.3 prohibits Chapter 3-Information and Communication

19. Federal and State Standards • Federal Register : Current Federal regulatory activities • Code of Federal Regulations (CFR): Permanent record of official federal regulations. • State Counterparts to CFR • Washington (State) Administrative Code (WAC). Chapter 3-Information and Communication

20. Case Study of Children's Bicycle Helmet • Colleague informs you that federal gov’t recently issued a new bicycle helmet standard. • Federal Consumer Product Safety Commission's (CPSC) Regulation "Safety Standard for Bicycle Helmets". • Title 16 CFR 1023. • Rule consists of 23 pages, including 13 diagrams of helmet geometry and testing apparatus. • Additional background info contained in August 15, 1994 Federal Register, p. 41719. Chapter 3-Information and Communication

21. Apparatus for Testing Bicycle Helmet Retension System Fig. 3.7 Chapter 3-Information and Communication

22. Patents • There Is Nothing New Under the Sun • 5,000,000 U.S. Patents Have Been Awarded; 100,000 New Patents Issued Each Year. • Determine Whether Innovative Design Concept Is Already Covered by a Patent. • Patent and Trademark Office, Dept of Commerce. • Patent and Trademark Depository Library (PTDL) • www.uspto.gov Chapter 3-Information and Communication

23. Patent Classification System • Each Patent Has a Patent Number and is Classified by Subject • 400 Subject Classes, Each Divided Into "Subclasses". Each Class and Subclass Has Numerical Identifier. • Patents May Be Assigned to More Than One Class or Subclass. Chapter 3-Information and Communication

24. Patent Search • Index to Classification lists Class and Subclass descriptors, to see if subject area is listed. • Manual of Classification Chapter 3-Information and Communication

25. Example: Design Multiple-Speed Drive for Manual Wheelchairs. • From Classification Index find "wheelchair" as the major heading for class 280. • Look under class 280 in the Manual of Classification. Focus on subclass 250.1. • 395 patents in class 280, subclass 250.1. Randomly select patent # 5,356,172. • Patent # 5,356,172 "Sliding Seat Assembly for a Propelled Wheel Chair". Chapter 3-Information and Communication

26. Institutional Generators of Technical Information • Professional Enginering Societies • Trade Associations • Industrial Research Institutes • Colleges and Universities • Federal Government • State and Local Governments • International Organizations Chapter 3-Information and Communication

27. Professional Engineering Societies and Trade Associations • Major sources of technical information • Policies determined by dues-paying members, managed by full-time professional staff. • Members of professional societies are individuals. Trade associations' members are companies who make products or provide services in a specific industry. • Typical activities • Conferences • Newsletters & magazines • Codes and standards • Continuing education Chapter 3-Information and Communication

28. Example: Food Processing Industry • Major trade association: National Food Processors Association • Membership: 500 Companies • Annual Budget: $16 Million • Staff: 185 People • Many smaller, more specialized trade associations • Frozen Potato Products Institute • Pickle Packers International • Tortilla Industry Association Chapter 3-Information and Communication

29. Trends in Steel Casting Fig. 3.8 Chapter 3-Information and Communication

30. Industry Affiliated Research Entities • Examples: Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Gas Technology Institute (GTI, the research arms of the electric power and natural gas industries respectively. • Publish a monthly magazine highlighting some of their research activities. • Issue many technical reports each year on specific topics. Chapter 3-Information and Communication

31. Federal Government • National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA): Ames, Goddard, Langley, Lewis, etc. • National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) • DOE National Laboratories: Argonne, Brookhaven, Oak Ridge, Pacific Northwest, etc. • Environmental Protection Agency • Department of Transportation (DOT) : Co Test Center • DOD: Naval Research Laboratory, Air Force Arnold Engineering Development Center Chapter 3-Information and Communication

32. 16-ft Wind Tunnel at NASA Langley Fig. 3.9 Chapter 3-Information and Communication

33. Testing Hull Shapes at the David Taylor Model Basin Fig. 3.10 Chapter 3-Information and Communication

34. Statistical and Data Sources • Federal and state government can collect, analyze, and disseminate lots of statistical data that no other entity can. • Gateway to statistics from over 100 federal agencies (www.fedstats.gov) • Economic Census • Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey • Similar role played by trade associations for specific industries. • State and local governments • National Conference of State Legislators (NCSL) • National Governors Association (NGA). • International Organizations • Index to International Statistics. Chapter 3-Information and Communication

35. U. S. Energy Flows in 2000 Fig. 3.11 Chapter 3-Information and Communication

36. Personal Networks • "It's not what you know, it's not who you know, it's what who you know knows." Chapter 3-Information and Communication

37. Networking “As usual, generation of new knowledge depended in part on its interchange. Although the various companies operated essentially independently in the beginning (and maintained their individual programs later), communication grew as time went on. ... Presentations and discussion at technical meetings provided a useful if somewhat delayed channel. So also did technical journals and trade magazines. More immediate exchange took place by word of mouth; according to an engineer at North American, ‘when I got in a jam, I'd call my college friends at other companies.’ ”* *Vincenti, W. What Engineers Know and How They Know It, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990 Chapter 3-Information and Communication

38. Conferences • Professional engineering societies sponsor many technical conferences each year. • For example, Jan.2002 issue of ASME monthly magazine listed 29 national and international conferences held in 2002 that were either sponsored or co-sponsored by ASME, or were of primary interest to its members. • Smaller conferences may have 50-100 attendees; larger ones can involve several thousand engineers. Chapter 3-Information and Communication

39. Conference Attendance • Oral presentations • Vendor exhibits • Field trips • Formal seminars, workshops, and continuing education courses • Informal interactions Chapter 3-Information and Communication

40. Conference Participation • Plan conference sessions, topics • Submit paper for presentation • Review submitted papers • Comment on presented papers • Edit proceedings • Serve on panel discussion • Attend committee meetings Chapter 3-Information and Communication

41. Continuing Education Courses • Intensive treatments of specialized topics • 4 -8 hours a day of class lecture/discussion for 1-3 days. • Example: Two day course on Pumping Systems Design offered by ASME. • Some courses scheduled in conjunction with major technical conferences • Courses may be offered several times a year in different locations. • Some engineering schools offer their own continuing education courses • Some for-profit companies offer continuing education courses for engineers. Chapter 3-Information and Communication

42. Group Dynamics • Personality Characteristics • Group Structure • Leaders and Followers • Group Tasks Chapter 3-Information and Communication

43. Oral Communications • Formal Oral Presentations • Presentation Design • Preparation • Visual Aids • Physical Arrangements • Delivery • Responding to Questions Chapter 3-Information and Communication

44. Stages of an Oral Presentation • Tell them what you are going to say. • Say it. • Tell them what you just said. Chapter 3-Information and Communication

45. Written Communications • Design Journal • Memos • Technical Reports • Proposals • ProgressReports • Final Reports Chapter 3-Information and Communication

46. Mandatory Elements of Technical Reports • Letter of Transmittal • Report Cover • Title Page • Abstract • Table of Contents • References • Appendices Chapter 3-Information and Communication

47. Typical Structure for Body of Technical Report • Introduction • Results and Discussion • Conclusions • Recommendations Chapter 3-Information and Communication

48. Well-Formatted Table of Contents Fig. 3.12 Chapter 3-Information and Communication

49. Well-Formatted List of Figures and Tables Fig. 3.13 Chapter 3-Information and Communication

50. Formatting Technical Reports • Pagination and Captions • Layout • Mathematics • Engineering Drawings Chapter 3-Information and Communication