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CSC 2260 Operating Systems and Networks

CSC 2260 Operating Systems and Networks. Chapter 1 Fall 2008 Dr. Chuck Lillie. Course Overview. Course Information www.uncp.edu/home/lilliec/ Syllabus Assignments Homework Exams Attendance Policy Textbook

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CSC 2260 Operating Systems and Networks

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  1. CSC 2260Operating Systems and Networks Chapter 1 Fall 2008 Dr. Chuck Lillie

  2. Course Overview • Course Information • www.uncp.edu/home/lilliec/ • Syllabus • Assignments • Homework • Exams • Attendance Policy • Textbook • Survey of Operating Systems 2nd Addition, Charles Holcombe and Jane Holcombe, McGraw-Hill, 2006

  3. Course Outline • History of Operating Systems • Disk Operating Systems • Common Operating Systems • Windows NT • Windows 2000 • Windows XP • Linux • Macintosh

  4. Course Outline • Operating System Security • Networks • Server Side • Client Side • Main Frame Operating Systems

  5. Chapter 1 Introduction to Operating Systems An Overview of Microcomputers What’s Contained in and Attached to a Microcomputer? Purpose, Types, and Functions of Microcomputer Operating Systems Yesterday’s Operating Systems Desktop OSs Available Today

  6. Learning Objectives • Describe the microcomputers in use today • Identify common computer hardware components • Describe the purpose and functions of microcomputer operating systems • Describe major events in the evolution of microcomputer operating systems • List and compare the common microcomputer operating systems

  7. An Overview of Microcomputers • What is a Microcomputer? • A computer built around a microprocessor • Microprocessor performs calculations or processing • A personal computer (PC) is a microcomputer that complies with hardware standards set and supported by Microsoft and Intel

  8. An Overview of Microcomputers • What Types of Microcomputers Are Used Today? • Desktops and laptops • Servers – provide services to other computers • Handheld devices – designed for a specific purpose

  9. What’s Contained in and Attached to a Microcomputer? • Microprocessor • Also known as the CPU or processor • Central component of a microcomputer • Performs calculations • One or more per microcomputer

  10. What’s Contained in and Attached to a Microcomputer? • Microprocessor (continued) • Since the 386DX, Intel Microprocessors support three modes: • Real mode • 286 protected mode • 386 protected mode

  11. What’s Contained in and Attached to a Microcomputer? • Microprocessor (continued) • Real mode • Intel processors power up in this mode • Total address space = 1MB • 640KB limit for OS and application • Single-tasking

  12. What’s Contained in and Attached to a Microcomputer? • Microprocessor (continued) • 286 protected mode • Total address space = 16 MB • Can multitask certain applications • Does not support virtual machines

  13. What’s Contained in and Attached to a Microcomputer? • Microprocessor (continued) • 386 protected mode • Total address space = 4GB • Supports the use of virtual machines • Multitasking

  14. What’s Contained in and Attached to a Microcomputer? • Microprocessor (continued) • Processors can work with 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit, and 64-bit chunks of data • The number of bits (binary digits) is the size of data that can be processed at one time

  15. What’s Contained in and Attached to a Microcomputer? • Motherboard and Chipset • Motherboard – central circuit board • Contains one or more CPU slots or sockets into which the processor is plugged • Chipset, memory slots, voltage regulator module (VRM), ROM BIOS, and the expansion bus slots are components of a motherboard • Chipset controls the flow of signals to and from the processor and other components

  16. What’s Contained in and Attached to a Microcomputer? • Memory • Chips that store programs and data • Random-access memory (RAM) • Read-only memory (ROM)

  17. What’s Contained in and Attached to a Microcomputer? • Memory (continued) • RAM • System, main, or physical memory • Used by active programs • One or more circuit cards with memory chips • Volatile – all is lost when the computer is powered off

  18. What’s Contained in and Attached to a Microcomputer? • Memory (continued) • ROM BIOS • Stores programs permanently • Called ‘firmware’ since it is non-volatile • ROM BIOS contains: • Code for starting the computer • Code for controlling communications between the processor and other components • A setup program for configuring system options • Configuration information stored in a special kind of non-volatile RAM called the CMOS RAM

  19. What’s Contained in and Attached to a Microcomputer? • ROM BIOS configuration information • Disk drive types and capacity • Disk boot order • System memory • Connectors (ports) • Power management • Other information determined bymotherboard and ROM BIOS manufacturers

  20. What’s Contained in and Attached to a Microcomputer? • Video Adapter and Display • Video adapter – circuitry that sends the controlling output signals to the display screen • Display screen – a monitor or a flat panel display (FPD) for visual output from the computer

  21. What’s Contained in and Attached to a Microcomputer? • Keyboard • An input device with a typewriter style layout of alphanumeric and punctuation keys • Includes additional function, control, arrow, and editing keys

  22. What’s Contained in and Attached to a Microcomputer? • Pointing Device • Required to move a graphical pointer (cursor) around in a GUI • Mouse is the most common pointing device – connects via a physical cable or a wireless connection. • Other pointing devices: touch pad, track ball, joystick, and light pen

  23. What’s Contained in and Attached to a Microcomputer? • Disk Drives • Store data and programs • Encoded on surface of small spinning platters • Magnetic or optical technology • Floppy drives and hard disk drives use magnetic technology • Compact disk (CD) and digital versatile disk (DVD) drives use optical technologies

  24. What’s Contained in and Attached to a Microcomputer? • Peripheral Devices • Broad term for nonessential add-on devices • Includes printers, scanners, pointing devices, digital cameras, external modems, and disk drives

  25. Purpose, Types, and Functionsof Microcomputer Operating Systems • What is an Operating System? • An Operating System is: • The central control program for a computer • The intermediary between applications & hardware

  26. Purpose, Types, and Functionsof Microcomputer Operating Systems • Operating System Functions • User interface • Job management • Task management • Memory Management • File management • Device management • Security

  27. Purpose, Types, and Functionsof Microcomputer Operating Systems • User Interface • AKA the ‘shell’ • A software layer for user interaction • Includes the command processor • Includes the visual components of the OS • Character-based command line • GUI

  28. Purpose, Types, and Functionsof Microcomputer Operating Systems • Job management • Controls the order and time in which programs are run • Task management • Found in multitasking operating systems • Controls the focus • Allows user to switch between tasks

  29. Purpose, Types, and Functionsof Microcomputer Operating Systems • Memory Management • Manages placement of programs and data in memory • Virtual memory manager moves code and data to virtual memory (file on hard drive)

  30. Purpose, Types, and Functionsof Microcomputer Operating Systems • File Management • AKA data management • Allows the OS to read, write, and modify data • Data is organized into files • Allows users to organize their files into containers called folders or directories

  31. Purpose, Types, and Functionsof Microcomputer Operating Systems • Device Management • Controls hardware through device drivers • A device driver is unique to a device • Created by the manufacturer of the device to work with a specific operating system

  32. Purpose, Types, and Functionsof Microcomputer Operating Systems • Security • Provides password-protected authentication of the user before allowing access • Checks user name and password • Restricts the actions that can be performed on a computer, customized for each user

  33. Purpose, Types, and Functionsof Microcomputer Operating Systems • Categories of Operating Systems • Single-User/Single-tasking • Single-User/Multitasking • Multi-User/Multitasking • Real-Time

  34. Yesterday’s Operating Systems • First the machines… • Charles Babbage designed the first computer in the 1820s • Apple II was the first microcomputer to combine critical elements like keyboard, monitor, operating system, and desirable and useful applications

  35. Yesterday’s Operating Systems • Then the Operating Systems • Early single-purpose computers included system functions • OSs did not exist as separate entity • OSs evolved from need for multipurpose computers

  36. Yesterday’s Operating Systems • DOS, CP/M, Apple, and the Killer App • To be widely accepted a computer needed a ‘killer app’ • VisiCalc was the killer app of 1970’s micro-computers • VisiCalc ran under the CP/M OS • VisiCalc contributed to the success of the Apple II • Both PC DOS and a version of CP/M were available for the IBM PC

  37. Yesterday’s Operating Systems • The Second Wave (second killer app) • Lotus 1-2-3 – a DOS spreadsheet application that is fast and provides added functionalities • Lotus 1-2-3 became the killer app for the IBM-PC/PC DOS combination.

  38. Yesterday’s Operating Systems • OS/2 (Operating System/2) • Version 1.0 introduced in 1987 • Developed by Microsoft and IBM • 1.0 had costly memory and disk requirements • IBM introduced OS/2 Warp in 1990’s • IBM has ended development of new versions

  39. Yesterday’s Operating Systems • Microsoft Windows • 1985 first version – GUI on top of DOS • Windows 3.0, introduced in 1990, provided better support for legacy DOS applications • Windows 3.x works in real mode, standard mode, and 386 enhanced mode • 1992 Windows 3.1 successful with MS Office

  40. Yesterday’s Operating Systems • Windows for Workgroups • DOS and earlier versions of Windows had no networking • Windows for Workgroups 3.1 and 3.11 enabled peer-to-peer networking

  41. DOS from Microsoft Windows NT Windows 98 Windows ME Windows 2000 Windows XP Macintosh OSs UNIX Linux Desktop OSs Available Today

  42. Desktop OSs Available Today • DOS from Microsoft • DOS provides support for interaction with disk drives • Microsoft’s first version of DOS, called PC DOS • Introduced with the first IBM-PC in 1981 • Each major version of DOS supported new disk capacities • DOS has a text-mode command line interface

  43. Desktop OSs Available Today • Windows NT • First Microsoft OS to take full advantage of the capabilities of the Intel’s 386 protected mode • Two main versions of NT – one for servers and another for desktop computers • Windows NT 4.0, introduced in 1996, has a GUI similar to Windows 95

  44. Desktop OSs Available Today • Windows 98 • An evolutionary development compared to the earlier Windows operating system in terms of GUI and integrated components • New options for customizing the GUI, including tighter integration with Microsoft’s Web browser, Internet Explorer (IE)

  45. Desktop OSs Available Today • Windows 98 (continued) • Comes with drivers and support for devices like DVD drives • It was the choice for PCs with plug and play (PnP) hardware, not supported by Windows NT

  46. Desktop OSs Available Today • Windows Me • Introduced in 2000 as an upgrade to Windows 98 • Improved music, video, and home networking support • Provides utilities as well as applications for dealing with PC software configuration, digital music, and video

  47. Desktop OSs Available Today • Windows 2000 • Family of OS products, introduced in 2000 • Combines the best of Windows 98 and Windows NT • Windows 2000 Professional, Windows 2000 Server, Windows 2000 Advanced Server, and Windows 2000 Enterprise Edition

  48. Desktop OSs Available Today • Windows XP • Several products, but no server version • Most common are Windows XP Home Edition and Windows XP Professional • Improved GUI as well as several network- and security-related features • Default desktop only contains the Recycle Bin

  49. Desktop OSs Available Today • Macintosh Operating Systems • Only run on Apple Macintosh computers • Mac OS 9 and Mac OS X common today

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