Drugs

1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C07V-nZJRTI&feature=related Drugs

2. Drug: Any chemical substance that alters either the mind or body. • OTC: Drugs that don’t need a prescription • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hT6Th_QfQKE • Prescription Drugs: Need doctors written permission. Important to know weight and size to determine dosage. • Controlled substance: federal government regulates the manufacture, import, export, distribution and use. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZOUUYAdXyE&feature=related Drug Education

3. Cure disease (antibiotic) • Lessen the severity (steroids) • Relieve symptoms (aspirin) • Diagnostic purposes (dye) • Prevent disease (vaccine) • Produce desired effects (birth control) What are drugs used for?

4. A side effect is an unwanted physical or mental effect caused by a drug. Side Effects

5. Orally: Most common • Slow acting, dissolved in system • Inhalation: drugs induced through lungs, fast acting. • Fast acting, difficult to measure if illicit can’t measure how much you inhaled/sniffed. • Medically treats lung disorders and anesthetics • Injection: Beneath skin, into muscle tissue, into vein, very fast acting to blood, many diseases, IV drug users 2nd highest risk group for AIDS. How are drugs taken?

6. Experimental Users: Try drug once or twice then quit • Occasional Users: Socially take the drug without realizing can become regular user • Regular Users: Wanted to maintain drugged feeling, drugs become a part of your lifestyle • Dependent Users: Both physically and psychologically dependent General Patterns of Drug Abuse

7. Chemical Dependence: you’re a dependent user, physically and psychologically • Physical Dependence: Bodily need for drug, AKA addiction • Psychological Dependence: Strong desire to use drugs for emotional reasons. Persons mentally craving is so strong they physically think they need drug. Types of Drug Reactions

8. Drug Misuse • Taking a drug improperly with hope of feeling better. • Taking every 2 hrs instead of 3, taking someone else’s medicine, taking old medicine. • Drug Abuse • Taking a drug for no medical reason. • Taking illegal drugs • Tolerance • Physical need to take higher amounts of a drug to get an expected effect. Types of Drug Reactions

9. Habituation • Refers to establishing a pattern the more often we do something the more likely we are to repeat it. Act becomes automatic. • Interaction • 2 or more drugs taken at same time. • Synergistic effect • Total effect of taking 2 drugs is greater than the sum of effects would have had if taken independently. • Alcohol and barbiturates = lung failure/death Types of Drug Reactions

10. Toxicity • Level at which drug becomes poisonous to the body. • Antagonistic • 1 drug neutralizes or blocks another drug with opposite effects. • Antibiotics reduce effects of oral contraception Types of Drug Reactions

11. When dependent users don’t get the drug they go through withdrawal. • Nervous, nausea, trembling, stomach pains Withdrawal

12. Dose of medicine • Greater the dose greater the effect. • Presence of food in stomach • Empty stomach drug absorbed quickly • Body weight • Less weight, greater effect • Body chemistry • People have different reactions to same drug Factors that Determine the Effects of Drug:

13. Caffeine: • Coffee, tea, chocolate, soft drinks • Most abused legal drug in the US (stimulant) • Too much causes restlessness, irritability • Increase in heart rate and blood pressure, stomach problems. • OTC drugs • Americans spend over $4billion/yr • Many are misused and side effects occur • Diet aids, cough syrup, sleep aids • Prescription Drugs: 50% of all prescription drugs are misused • Barbiturates and narcotics, steroids, codeine, morphine, sedatives, amphetamines Abuse of Legal Drugs

14. Psychoactive Drugs: • Affect the mind and mental process Illegal Drugs

15. The “Reward Pathway” • Psychoactive drugs typically create a pleasurable feeling that the user wants to repeat. • Many psychoactive drugs trigger activity along a pathway of cells in the brain called the “reward pathway” • Cells release a chemical called dopamine. • Extra dopamine released during drug use can cause the user to ignore the harmful effects of the drug and want to continue using it. • Flooding the “reward pathway” with dopamine may lead to intense cravings for drug. • After time, drug abuse can dull the brain’s reactions to natural levels of dopamine. The user no longer feels pleasure from normal activities. Drug Abuse and the Brain *

16. Drugs that take you up, active, alert, nervous • Act on CNS, heart, B.P. muscle tension blood sugar • Stimulate adrenal glands • Cocaine • 1st used by Incas, chewed cocoa leaves for energy and strength believed gift from God. • Cocoa shrubs in South America • Use is rising (purity) every time coke changes hands price goes up. • 1886 Cocaine once was ingredient in Coca Cola advertised as a cure for depression. • Today used for ear, nose, throat operations mostly use for anesthetic, applied numbs skin of mucous membranes Stimulants http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ASkRp5CLlk&feature=related

17. Ways of administering: • Inhaled: snorted powder form also called “free-basing” inhaled thru boiling in a water pipe speeds up absorption, when you “crash” (come down) you want immediately. • Injected: “speed balling” combo of cocaine and heroin • Smoked: put in cigarettes and smoked • Crack/Rock: snorted or smoked with baking soda and cocaine paranoid and dangerous Cocaine

18. CNS stimulated • Boundless energy • Highly aroused • BP and HR raised (these dramatic changes can cause a heart attack or lung failure) • Damage mucous membranes in nose • Rapidly metabolized-need more quickly • Interferes with bodily functions that control desire for food, sex, and sleep • Prolonged use effects all health aspects by deteriorating the body. (Liver, lung damage) Cocaine’s Effect on the Brain

19. Nose Candy, Big C, Coke, Snow, lady • Most addictive drug • Most H.S. surveys show that 17% of students have tried cocaine • 5-20% of coke users are dependent on it. • Intensified high turns into an intensified low (crash) Cocaine

20. Drugs that are used to stay awake, stimulate the CNS. • Uses: improve concentration, and physical performance. • Can be sniffed or injected or orally • Not tired, lower appetite, treats nervous disorders • Co-pilots, dex, bennies, uppers, speed • Ritalin-hyper child • Dexedrine-Dex • Benzedrine-bennies • Methedrine-speed Amphetamines

21. 1st used 1887 by German scientists • “Speed” Acts as a stimulant on CNS • Physicians prescribed limited quantities due to abusability • 88% are prescribed for weight control Amphetamines

22. Abusers take “uppers” in morning to make it through the day and “downers” (alcohol or sedatives) at night to relieve insomnia. • Heavy/frequent dosage cause brain damage, result is speech problems, hard to turn thoughts into words. • Long term users: infections throughout body most infections life threatening. Amphetamines

23. Problems with acne, gums, nails, teeth, hair. • Tolerance develops rapidly • When tolerance has begun signs you will see: grinding of teeth, touching and picking at face and extremities, repeating performance tasks, suspicious, preoccupied. • Continued: paranoid states, bizarre, violent behavior. Amphetamines

24. No medical help: high fever, convulsions, cardiovascular collapse, then death. • Withdrawal: depression, fatigue, disturbed sleep up to 20hrs, lingering impairment of thought processes Amphetamines

25. Most common abused prescription stimulants: Ritalin, Dexedrine, ionamin, desoxyn. • Methamphetamine “crystal meth” • 1st synthesized by Japanese chemist 1919 • Most hyper-charged of amphetamine group • Available in pharmacy under trade name Desoxyn • Most abused methamphetamines are found in illicit origin • 1980’s abuse sky-rocketed • 1988: 629 meth labs seized in U.S. 600% rise in 7 years. • Common terms: meth, crystal, crank, cristy • Sold in glass vials, foil, heat sealed plastic packets Amphetamines

26. Can be smoked, snorted, orally, injection is preferred. • Danger being made in substandard conditions life threatening infections due to non-sterile needles. Meth

27. 1900’s • Popular 1980 • Stimulant • Called love drug • Recipes found on many sites varying purity • Compress powder in tablet Ecstasy MDMA

28. Appearance: • Color • White, tan, brown • Same texture as cocaine • Clear gelatin-”smurf” • Size of aspirin Ecstasy

29. Orally: 20-40 min • Snorted: 5-10 min • Smoked/injected: 10-30 sec • Duration 4-6 hrs • Hangover 1-2 days very tired • Can detect in urine for 2-5 days Ecstasy

30. Effects: euphoria, hyper, teeth grinding, scratching dizzy, eye twitch, seizures • Increase of body temperature • 106-109 degree body temp starting bleeding internally • Slang: rolls, beans, pills, Easy lay, liquid “e”, Scoop, Liquid “x” • $20-25 per pill Ecstasy

31. Physical/psychological effects: • Increase in sex pleasure • Nausea • Euphoria • Impaired judgment • Dizzy • Memory loss • Coma • death Ecstasy

32. Reduce bodily functions • Lower HR, B.P. breathing • Treats emotional disorders • Alcohol is the most often abused depressant drug. • When used with other depressants: coma/death (synergistic) Depressants

33. Barbs, bluebirds, blue devils, reds, downers, goofballs, yellow jackets • Strongly mentally and physically addicting • Induces sleep quickly • Barbs easy to recognize all end in “al” • Ex: phenobarbital • When abused they have unpredictable effects • Effects not only from person to person but effect person from 1 time to the next Barbiturates

34. Effects: • Mental confusion, slurred speech, staggering, deep sleep, extreme depression. • When abusers are in depressed state, users may take the rest of bottle and “end it all” • Leading cause of drug related deaths because of confusion, will overdose by accident • Users must take more to ward off withdrawal: nausea, cramps, convulsions, delirium, coma, which usually ends in hospitalization. Barbiturates

35. Known for their quieting effect • Librium • valium • Widely prescribed by doctors- 20% of all people admitted to ER for drug related problems are adverse reactions to tranquilizers. • Drugs are prescribed for anxiety and psychological problems • Tranq’s and alcohol = death • Long term use causes physical and psychological problems Tranquilizers

36. Acapulco gold, grass, pot, weed, cannabis • Plants have been grown for years • Stems used to make rope, oil in plant used in paint • Today used to alter mind • Leaves are dried and crushed, can be put in a pipe or made into cigarettes (reefer, joints) • Over 400 chemicals found in marijuana • THC main psychoactive ingredient • Smoked is a sweet odor • In powered form can be sniffed or put in food (hash) Marijuana

37. THC provides protection in cancer treatments against nausea and vomiting • Marijuana most widely used drug (cocaine most addictive) • Hashish is substance from flowering top of the cannabis plant (most THC found) • High depends on THC content and how long person can hold smoke in lungs Marijuana

38. Effects: • Low doses drunkenness, distorts taste, touch, sound, smell, time space • High doses- increased HR, decrease in body temperature, increase craving for food • Blood shot eyes, dry mouth • Memory loss, impairs sports performance • Intense fear “pot panic” larger dose, hallucinations Marijuana

39. Effects Cont. • Reduction in immune system, lowers sperm count, in females irregular periods. • Lung damage • Stays in body up to a month • 70% more cancer causing agents in marijuana than cigarettes • Burn out is a long time user of marijuana • Law possession of marijuana 1yr jail - $500 bond Marijuana

40. Date rape drug • Depressant • Not legal in US, used in foreign countries as pre-surgical sedative • Legal in Mexico, Europe, South America, and Asia Rohypnol

41. Appearance • White tablets • Tablet when dissolved is odorless and tasteless • Methods of Ingestion • Dissolved in drink, swallowed • Smoked • Effects • 15/20 min Peak 1 to 2 hrs • Lasts 8 hours • Detected in urine • Drunken state, dizzy, slurred speech, memory blackouts, confusion Rohypnol

42. Slang • Ruffie • Roach 2 • Wheel • R-2 • Price • $5-25 Rohypnol

43. Gama hydroxy Butyrate • CNS depressant • Date Rape Drug • Causes euphoria, hallucinations, deep sleep GHB

44. History-1961 • Uses for anesthetic • Treatment for sleep disorders • Aids alcoholism • Used by body builders growth hormone • Banned by FDA 1990 • Production • Legal in Europe • Illegal in US, made in kitchen labs, unstable quality of product, local drug dealer acts as chemist • 2 main ingredients: industrial engine degreaser, caustic acid GHB

45. Appearance • Clear liquid, odorless, salty, slightly thicker than water • White powder like cocaine • Attempts to avoid detection: add color, mix in bottle of water or drinks that taste salty • Packaging • Tin foil, plastic baggie, bubbles jar, capsule, water bottle, film canister GHB

46. Inhaled • Injected • Swallowed • Effects • 10/20 min lasts 1-3 hrs • Price • $10 (1/2 teaspoon) • Testing • Not in routine drug screen will not detect, specific test for urine and blood must be done in 4-7 hrs GHB

47. Stimulates the release of growth hormones but no effect on muscle growth • High is similar to alcohol or marijuana • Street names: blue, nitro, date rape drug • Main active ingredient: GBL (an industrial solvent for stripping floors) • Popular at raves GHB

48. Side Effects: • Designer Drugs: are produced in chemical labs and sold illegally. GHB

49. Hallucinations, increased heart rate and blood pressure • Impaired motor function • Memory loss • Numbness • High doses may cause delirium and fatal respiratory problems Ketamine

50. Called opiates • Legal narcotics are used in relievers, cough medicine, remedies for diarrhea and intestinal problems • Induces drowsiness or sleep • Lowers physical activity and lowers visual ability • Tolerance grows quickly Narcotics