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Threat and Error Management in Aviation. Center of Excellence October 28 th 2002 Captain Mark Auerman. Topics. Brief history of Crew Resource Management Threat and Error Management Error management tools in aviation Questions are encouraged!!. What is Crew Resource Management (CRM) ?.
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Threat and Error Managementin Aviation Center of Excellence October 28th 2002 Captain Mark Auerman
Topics • Brief history of Crew Resource Management • Threat and Error Management • Error management tools in aviation • Questions are encouraged!!
What is Crew Resource Management (CRM) ? • Crew Resource Management • effective use of all resources, to achieve the highest possible level of safety and efficiency. (Transport Canada)
Aircraft accident rates were extremely high post WWII to the 1970’s
These high accident rates were largely attributable to unreliable aircraft equipment
Caused accident rates to decline significantly until the mid 1970’s
Now we must address deficiencies in Crew Performance with Crew Resource Management Training
Goal of CRM • Provide resources and strategies to allow airline crews to effectively manage threats and errors.
Latent and Active Errors Active errors are caused by the crew mismanaging the resources Latent errors are errors we inherit POLICIES PROCEDURES
CRM Training develops skills and strategies in the following areas… • Communication • Crew Performance • Leadership • Situational Awareness • Decision Making
Proactive Error Management Tools • CRM training mandated by Transport Canada • Initial 3 day course • Periodic refresher training focused on topical issues • Practical based training
Evolution of training Advanced Qualification Program • Script a simulator event looking for specific observable CRM behaviors • 50% of the grade is based on CRM practices • Collect crew performance data that feeds back into the training system and modifies future training curriculum
Simulator Training • Procedures Trainers – must demonstrate competency every 6 – 8 months • Decision making Trainers • Real life scenarios played out in real time • Allows crews to gain experience and practice decision making
Line Checks • Assess and evaluate crew performance during line operations Technical + CRM = Crew Performance*
Challenges • Very difficult to grade • Are we making a difference? • Cost issue • Changing Attitudes and Culture
Conclusions • many “soft skills” combined with practical strategies are required to manage error • CRM is the most flexible error management tool • CRM has effectively increased crew performance to make flight operations safer