CMG 2008 “Is Storage and I/O Still Important in a Virtual World?” Storage Features and Trends

1. CMG 2008“Is Storage and I/O Still Important in a Virtual World?” Storage Features and Trends Steve Crawford Fujitsu Computer Systems Storage Marketing

2. Agenda Business Drivers and Technical Solutions Storage Features and Trends Storage Tiers Solid State Drives MAID (Massive Array of Idle Disks) Security Performance Host Connectivity Disaster Recovery for Business Continuity Virtualization

3. Business Drivers and Storage Solutions

4. Storage Tiers Select right disk drive size, speed and price for application use • Mix disk drives or tiers in same storage system • Storage Tiers • Tier 1: High performance Drive Sizes: 73GB to 300GB Fibre Channel (FC) and Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) -15K rpm, high availability • Tier 2: Nearline drives deliver good performance Drive Sizes: 500GB to 1TB Serial ATA (SATA) - 7.2K rpm, lower price point, high capacity and reliable • Tier 3: ECO mode – MAID (Massive Array of Idle Disks) delivers new levels of economy for “information-at-rest” • Tier 4: Offline for backup and recovery Tape (Virtual Tape Library, Discrete Tape, etc. )

5. Solid State Drives (SSDs) • Preliminary performance claims for the EMC DMX flash drives are a tenfold improvement in response times and a thirty-fold improvement in maximum input/output rates relative to physical disk drives of equivalent capacity. • EMC plans to offer flash drives in 73GB and 146GB capacities later in 1Q08. Prices are not released. (Expect to be priced at 30 times the cost of a physical disk of equivalent capacity.) • Benefits: • Higher performance • Eliminates the need for battery backup • Increased MTBF to physical disk drive • Lower power consumption • What is unknown: • Pricing • Concern about flash drive service history?

6. 12 12 on am pm off off 5 Reduced Power Consumption Power Footprint ETERNUS4000 Model 500 is 6.3% better than the CX3-80 with 420 drives ETERNUS8000 Model 900 is 5.3% better than the DMX3 with 480 drivesETERNUS8000 Model 1100 is 2.2% better than the DMX3 with 1,020 drives MAID Example Details Example 32TB Cost of 80 drives spinning 24 hours/day for 1 year = $1,700 Cost of 80 drives spinning 5 hours/day for 1 year = $684 Total cost savings of nearly 60% for the drives in a MAID group RAID5 (4+1) 500GB 7.2Krpm disks 16x RAID groups

7. Case Study: Use of MAID Technology 3 backup generations managed by Advanced Copy Manager OPC Monday (Generation 1)- 20x 500GB Nearline disks- 4x RAID5 (4+1) sets (8TB of capacity)- Scheduled Active 6PM-8AM (14 hours)* Standard mode operational volumes- 50x 300GB disks- 6x RAID0/1 (4+4) sets (7TB of capacity)- 2x hot spare drives- Fully powered 24 hours / day OPC Wednesday (Generation 2)- 20x 500GB Nearline disks- 4x RAID5 (4+1) sets (8TB of capacity)- Scheduled Active 6PM-8AM (14 hours)* OPC Friday (Generation 3)- 20x 500GB Nearline disks- 4x RAID5 (4+1) sets (8TB of capacity)- Scheduled Active 6PM-8AM (14 hours)* * 2x hot spares activated also 20% power consumption reduction per day- normal mode (84,974 Watt Hours)- using MAID feature (67,746 Watt Hours)

8. MAID Management Details • Drive spindle motor powers down • On a drive basis, reduces power consumption by approx 75% (19.3w to 4.7w) • Supported on all disks • Enable/disable at the RAID Group level • RAID Group “spin up” • Schedule using calendering function in ETERNUSmgr • Support for Network Time Protocol (NTP) server • On demand (typically about 1-2 minutes) • external host access • internal access as target of REC/EC operations • If RAID group is activated, will return to ECO mode after period of no activity • default = 30 minutes; set from 10-60 minutes • If more than a set number incidences of ”on-demand spin-up” in 24 hours, then ECO mode will be disabled for the remainder of the calendar day. • default = 3; set from 1-5 • Copy operations • OPC operations will not start if target inactive • ECO mode disabled during all copy sessions • Re-enabled for suspended EC/REC sessions

9. Secure Information: A Growing Demand • Can you achieve cost effective Information Security that protects information at rest without the cost of network disruptive appliances or application performance overhead • Will you realize easy to manage encryption for information security • Can you choose how to protect your information Server Application Layer Protect data from unauthorized access In-band Appliance Network Layer Secure data movement Storage System Physical Layer Protect data physical information from unauthorized drive removal

10. Disk Data Encryption Simple, cost effective information security • Included in purchase price? • Is key management required? Without Disk Data Encryption Chain of custody Data destruction Maintenance Transport Regulation compliance overhead User handling required Process overhead With Disk Data Encryption Return failed drive No cost, no impact, simplified management

11. Disk Data Encryption Detail • LUN level specification • Transparent to connected hosts • Algorithm • Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) • One time array specific 128-bit encryption key • Encrypted using internal master key (not disclosed by Fujitsu) • Stored in compact flash modules (2 per CM) and System Disks (mirrored pair per CM) • Encryption buffer area set at enablement • 5% of available cache (max 520MB) • Capability to encrypt existing data • No revert to unencrypt state allowed • On power loss, ALL “dirty data” in cache encrypted • LUN mobility operations maintain encryption NOTE: Fujitsu can provide an erasure utility that meets DoD specification 5220.22-M.

12. Other Data Protection Products • Degaussers for fast and secure erasing of hard disk drives, removable disks and backup tapes. • Erases media by passing through a large magnetic field. • Purges recorded information on the unit, including servo, calibration data, and read/write heads. Fujitsu Mag EraSURE® P2V - Commercial standards Fujitsu Mag EraSURE® P3M - DoD standards Degausser Appliances

13. Storage Standards Organizations Storage Performance Council (SPC) • Steering Committee Chairman – C. Wilson Storage Network Industry Association • Storage Management Initiative – Specifications (SMI-S) provider Storage Network Industry Association - Japan • Vice Chairman – H. Yoshida • Technical Committee Chairman – S. Iwatani Fibre Channel Industry Association ( www.fibrechannel.org ) ANSI INCITS T10 Technical Committee ( www.t10.org ) • SCSI Storage Interfaces ANSI INCITS T11 Technical Committee ( www.t11.org ) • Device level Interfaces

14. Standards Based Benchmarking Storage Performance Council ( http://www.storageperformance.org/home ) • SPC Benchmark-1TM (SPC-1) • Application representation • OLTP system, Data Base system, Mail server • Characteristics • Multiple threaded workload • Predominantly random I/O, some sequential • Variety of blocksizes • Mix of read and write activity • SPC Benchmark-2TM (SPC-2) • Application representation • Large file processing (i.e. Scientific and Financial computing) • Large DB queries (i.e. Data Mining and Business Intelligence) • Video-on-demand • Characteristics • Large-scale sequential data movement • Multiple concurrent threads

15. 45,015 30,986 41,202 24,998 200,246 123,033 101,101 108,745 SPC-1TM Performance HDSUSP V IBMDS8300 Turbo ETERNUS8000Model 1100 115,090 ETERNUS6000Model 1100 Enterprise Storage IBMDS8300 ETERNUS4000Model 500 60,004 IBMDS4800 ETERNUS3000Model 700 NetAppFAS3040 Mid-range Storage EMC CLARiiONCX3 Model 40 50,000 150,000 100,000 250,000 200,000 300,000 SPC-1/IOPs SPC-1 results as of Jan. 30, 2008.

16. 1,050 343 1,985 2,129 3,217 SPC-2TM Performance ETERNUS8000Model 1100 3,481 IBMDS8300 Enterprise Storage ETERNUS6000Model 1100 ETERNUS4000Model 500 HP StorageWorks8000 EVA Mid-range Storage Sun StorEdge 3510 FC 2,000 4,000 6,000 Megabytes per Second (MB/s) SPC-2 results as of Jan. 30, 2008.

17. Host Connectivity Trends • Direct Attached Storage (DAS) • Storage Area Network (SAN) • Fibre Channel (FC) • 4Gbps (current) • 8Gbps (future) • Network (Ethernet) • iSCSI • 1Gbps (current) • 10Gbps (future) • Network Attached Storage (NAS) • Other • Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) • 3Gbps (current) • Economical (found in entry level solutions) • FC cable support longer distances than SAS connection cable.

18. Disaster Recovery for Business Continuity • Data Backup and Recovery • Mirroring • Remote vs. Local  • TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) / ROI (Return On Investment) • Economical • Performance • Security

19. Remote Replication over iSCSI • iSCSI based remote replication for economical mobility • Performance optimization • Data encryption Rapid backup and restore times • Disk-disk backup and recovery Disaster Recovery • Protect data and applications from disruptions • Minimize data loss • Rapid recovery Affordable Data Migration • Migrate data across storage systems • Centralize data for backup operations

20. Throughput(Mbps) TCPWindowSize = 16KB TCPWindowSize = 64KB TCP WindowSize 16KB is the standard for Windows XP 26 20 TCP WindowSize 64KB is theMaximum for TCP 15 Standard Window Size (16KB) cannot fully utilize 10Mbps line on 300 miles distance 10 6.6 3.7 1 ms(LAN) 20 ms(WAN, 300 mile) 35 ms Round Trip Time Problems When using Ethernet (TCP) • Throughput is gated by TCP Window Size

21. Send 16KBapprox. 1.3ms Receive 16KBapprox. 1.3msat 100Mpbs Wait ACK(approx. 19ms) Round Trip Time = 20 ms Receiver Sender What is Gating the Throughput Performance • Sender has to keep the data in its buffer until it receives ACK from recipient for retransmission request • At the time the sender has filled up its buffer, it has to wait until ACK comes back before it can send the next data • If the buffer size is 16KB, and the distance is 300 miles (RTT = 20ms), then sender spends approx. 1.3ms to send 16KB of data and wait for approx. 19ms until ACK arrives

22. WAN Accelerator Sender WAN Accelerator Receiver How to Accelerate • Use WAN Accelerator between storage system and WAN • WAN Accelerator acts as a speed matching buffer • WAN Accelerator immediately sends ACK back, so from storage system, it is same as communicating over LAN (short delay)

23. iSCSIRemotePort iSCSIRemotePort NetworkRouter NetworkRouter WANAccelerator NetworkRouter NetworkRouter WANAccelerator StorageSystem StorageSystem StorageSystem StorageSystem iSCSIRemotePort iSCSIRemotePort Ethernet Ethernet iSCSI with and without WAN Accelerator • iSCSI without WAN Accelerator (low throughput) • iSCSI with WAN Accelerator (high throughput)

24. Remote Replication over iSCSI

25. Enterprise-grade DR for Mid-range Budget High ROI value that brings data mobility to mid-range customers and excellent value to enterprise customers * Does not include dual path replication for high availability Storage Storage WAN Accelerator WAN Accelerator Encryption FC-WAN FC-WAN Encryption Houston-Chicago $18,000/month (OC3)