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1.3.2 TERRITORIAL TRENDS OF THE MANAGEMENT OF THE NATURAL HERITAGE

1.3.2 TERRITORIAL TRENDS OF THE MANAGEMENT OF THE NATURAL HERITAGE . 1 Context and objectives 2 Facts and Figures 3 Physical developments and policy responses 4 Enhancing territorial cohesion 5 Recommendations. 1 Context and objectives . Context:

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1.3.2 TERRITORIAL TRENDS OF THE MANAGEMENT OF THE NATURAL HERITAGE

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  1. 1.3.2 TERRITORIAL TRENDS OF THE MANAGEMENT OF THE NATURAL HERITAGE 1 Context and objectives 2 Facts and Figures 3 Physical developments and policy responses 4 Enhancing territorial cohesion 5 Recommendations

  2. 1 Context and objectives • Context: • For sustainable development (balance between economic growth and natural heritage), the management and protection of natural areas and landscapes is essential • Objectives • What is the influence of the Management of Natural heritage on Spatial Development • Develop policy recommendations to influence spatial developments in the direction of ESDP-objectives (sustainable development)

  3. 2 Europe’s environment: the third assessment • International context • Europe has a significant responsibility for the conservation of globally threatened mammals, birds and plant species • Relevant conventions: UN Convention on Biodiversity, the Bern and Ramsar Conventions, and a number of marine Conventions. • Importance • Caucasus and the Mediterranean basin global biodiversity prime regions. • Europe is home to a large range of domestic animal breeds, which account for almost half of the global breed diversity.

  4. Europe’s environment: the third assessment • Threats • half of European breeds are at risk of extinction. • European trends in farm structure, farm management and farmland species have resulted in species-rich agricultural habitats declining considerably during recent decades. • increasing land-use pressures from transport, urbanization and intensive agriculture • diminishing remaining semi-natural remote areas. • land privatization and restitution (Central and Eastern Europe and EECCA)

  5. THREATS

  6. THREATENED SPECIES

  7. Europe’s environment: the third assessment • Protection • region with the highest proportions of breeds are under active conservation. • 600 different types of designation of protected areas, and more than 65 000 designated sites • designated sites under national designations in central and eastern European countries represent 9% of the total region area; in western countries this is 15%.

  8. 3 Physical developments and policy responses Spatial developments • continuous pressure on area occupied by natural heritage both in terms of total area covered and fragmentation • large natural areas found Finland, the Alps, the Cantabrian mountains, the Pyrenees, the Carpathians, Greece and Scotland. • dominance of mountainous regions is obvious. • relative inaccessible and remote locations of these areas protect against development pressures. • In rest of Europe natural areas are highly fragmented

  9. 3 Physical developments and policy responses Policy responses • motives for protection: economics and production, natural functioning, perception, recreation and tourism, science, ethics or intrinsic value politics • protection started beginning 20th century • role of NGO’s very important (IUCN, WWF) • Natura 2000 is the principal EU policy instrument for the protection of flora, fauna and habitats • policies on protection of natural heritage have mainly been focused on the conservation of specific species, gradually enlarging the scope towards conservation of habitats • concern for biodiversity more integrated into sectoral policies, e.g.: agri-environmental measures and sustainable forestry policies

  10. NATURA 2000 BAROMETER 03/04/2003

  11. 4 Enhancing territorial cohesion • The protection and enhancement of the natural heritage is well served by territorial cohesion. • Relevant objectives of the ESDP: • polycentric urban development • balanced development • sustainable development • ESDP and Natura 2000 aim at enhancing the natural heritage by increasing the natural area and by forming an ecological network.

  12. Policy towards cohesion

  13. Backbone of ecological network - Hydrological system

  14. 5 Recommendations I • Intensity elaboration and implementation of Natura 2000. • supports balanced, polycentric, sustainable developments. • network of natural areas adds to attractiveness of regions. • Promote preparation of regional spatial development visions, containing strategic actions for: • social/economic positioning, based on • natural/cultural qualities to be elaborated in spatial plans for: • polycentric urban, and • ecological networks.

  15. Recommendations II • Intensify integration of Natura 2000 and rural policies (CAP) and water framework directive. • Elaborate ESDP as a framework for national and regional development visions. ESDP 2 should seek to specify main European development axes and ecological main structure. • Regional typology should balance social/economic and natural/cultural aspects.

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