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Energy Harvesting Active Networked Tags ( EnHANTs )

Energy Harvesting Active Networked Tags ( EnHANTs ) . Peter Kinget, Ioannis (John) Kymissis, Dan Rubenstein, Xiaodong Wang, and Gil Zussman Departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Columbia University. EnHANTs Characteristics.

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Energy Harvesting Active Networked Tags ( EnHANTs )

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  1. Energy Harvesting Active Networked Tags (EnHANTs) Peter Kinget, Ioannis (John) Kymissis, Dan Rubenstein, Xiaodong Wang, and Gil Zussman Departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Columbia University

  2. EnHANTs Characteristics • Small and flexible: can be attached to almost anything • Books, furniture, produce, clothing, walls, appliances, … • Used in various tracking applications • Can harvest their own energy • Solar or Ambient Light • Piezoelectric (motion/pressure) • Form an ad-hoc network and exchange basic information • Tag IDs • Partial location • Can communicate with other EnHANT friendly devices • Laptops, mobile phones, access points

  3. EnHANTs’ Position in the Wireless World Metropolitan Area Network / Cellular WiMax LTE 802.11b Local Area Network SHORT < RANGE > LONG 802.11a/g/n Personal Area Network WiMedia ZigBee Bluetooth UWB LOW < DATA RATE> HIGH Sensor Networks EnHANTs Size,ThrougputComplexity Energy Use RFIDs

  4. EnHANTs Application – Example* Short Term: Locating a misplaced book in a library • Books will be equipped with EnHANTs on the cover • Harvest light energy • Exchange only IDs (Dewey Decimal System) • Communicate within very short range (ultra-low-power) • A Book whose ID is significantly different from its neighbors will be identified • The information will be wirelessly forwarded to sink nodes and from there to the librarian • A Librarian accessing the shelves with a reader will be able to locate a specific book * Sponsored by Google – “organizing the world’s physical objects”

  5. EnHANTs for Disaster Recovery* Energy Harvesting Active Networked Tags (EnHANTs) and cellular phones for locating and tracking survivors Tags and phones will be carried by almost anyone in a building Tags will be embedded in the infrastructure Pre- and post-disasteroperation Post-disaster: constructan ad hoc network No central control - distributed Energy efficient * Winner of the 2009 Vodafone Wireless Innovation Challenge (first place) See http://www.vodafone-us.com/web%20innovation/index.html

  6. More Applications for EnHANTs • Self-Organizing “Colony” applications • Internet of Things • Group of items that network and actively check their group’s integrity for missing items • Relative localization of items based on their proximity to items in known locations • Examples • Tracking groups of people/animals/items • Tracking the integrity of the contents of shipping container • Toys • Inventory management • Supply chain management • …

  7. EnHANTs – Cross-disciplinary Design Effort Application Transport CrossLayer Network MAC PHY • The integrated system does not fully follow the traditional layered networking protocol stack • Challenge: Energy-Harvesting Ultra-Low-Power Active Networked Tags (EnHANTs), Proc. ACM MOBICOM'09 Vodafone Foundation Nat. Ctr. for Disaster Preparedness Google Rubenstein Zussman Wang Kymissis Kinget

  8. Impulse Radio Ultra-Wideband (UWB) A wireless standard like Bluetooth consumes about ~30nJ/bit for both send and receive Developing a UWB based communication protocol which will significantly reduce the power consumption Most protocols assume that listening is energetically less expensive than transmitting — not true for short-range UWB A UWB receiver and transmitter have been fabricated in a 90nm CMOS process < 100pJ/bit for Transmit < 200pJ/bit for Receive Node 1 Node 2

  9. Solar Energy Harvesting: an Example 3.16 cm • 10cm2organic semiconductor solar cell • 1% efficiency • 1 nJ/bit energy spending • 8 hours of light per day

  10. Information Exchange Each EnHANT has a unique ID Main Application - collect local IDs: identify the EnHANTs graph topology According to the energy levels transmit summaries Tradeoffs between energy consumption and information granularity 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1

  11. History & Progress (so far) Summer 2008 - EnHANTs concept coined Nov. 2008 - Google (Seed) Funding ($60K) Apr. 2009 - Winner (first place) Vodafone Americas Foundation Wireless Innovation Project ($300K) Apr. 2009 - Kymissis participates in a DOE EFRC (>$15M) July 2010 - Kinget, Kymissis, and Zussman receive NSF grants for supporting components (~$900K) Mar. 2010 - Invitation to a DHS workshop + taskforce Sept. 2009- July 2011 Papers in Chemistry of Materials’09, ACM Mobicom’09, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices’10, IEEE ISSCC’10, ChemPhysChem’10, IEEE Wireless Comm’10, IEEE INFOCOM’11, IEEE WiOpt’11

  12. History & Progress (so far) June 2010, Sept. 2010, June 2011 - Demos of networking, UWB, solar cells @ IEEE SECON’, ACM MobiCom, ACM MobiSys Aug. 2010 - NSF NETSE Medium Project $1.2M Nov. 2010 - Rubenstein and Zussman take part in a DHS project jointly with Civionics ($200K) Dec. 2010 – Zussman receives NSF CAREER award ($400K) Apr. 2011 – Paper receives an IEEE Communications Society Award for Outstanding Paper on New Communication Topics

  13. Conclusions EnHANTs - a novel tagging technology Small and flexible Harvest energy from the environment Actively communicate with neighboring tags and form networks EnHANTs enable a range of tracking applications In particular, disaster recovery Currently building prototypes and developing algorithms

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