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LARGE SCALE TESTING TO PROTECT SAN FRANSCISO WATER SUPPLY Tom O’Rourke Thomas R. Briggs Professor

LARGE SCALE TESTING TO PROTECT SAN FRANSCISO WATER SUPPLY Tom O’Rourke Thomas R. Briggs Professor of Engineering Cornell University. SAN FRANCISO PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION WATER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT PLAN. 86 Projects $4.6 Billion New Calaveras Dam Retrofit 2 Water Treatment Plants

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LARGE SCALE TESTING TO PROTECT SAN FRANSCISO WATER SUPPLY Tom O’Rourke Thomas R. Briggs Professor

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  1. LARGE SCALE TESTING TO PROTECT SAN FRANSCISO WATER SUPPLY Tom O’Rourke Thomas R. Briggs Professor of Engineering Cornell University

  2. SAN FRANCISO PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION WATER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT PLAN • 86 Projects • $4.6 Billion • New Calaveras Dam • Retrofit 2 Water Treatment Plants • 450 km Pipelines • 3 Tunnels

  3. BDPLs 3 & 4 at Hayward Fault • Owner/Operator: San Francisco Public Utilities Commission (SFPUC) • Designer: URS, Inc. • Test Facility: Cornell Large-Scale Lifelines Testing Facility, George E. Brown Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation

  4. BAY DIVISION PIPELINES BDPLs 3 & 4 70% Bay Area Water San Francisco Public Utilities Commission BDPLs 1 & 2 BDPLs 3 & 4

  5. BDPLs 3 & 4 at Hayward Fault • 2-m-diameter Pipeline Crossing Hayward Fault at ~47 Degrees • 2 m Lateral Fault Offset • Compressive Deformation and Lateral Offset of Pipeline from Fault Movement • 24-m-wide Right-of-way with Other Pipelines

  6. Protective Vault 91.5 m long Segments: 6.1 x 6.1 x 6.1 m Joints: 45 degrees

  7. Before Fault Movement Segments: 6.1m x 6.1m x 6.1 m After Fault Movement Joints: 150 & 300 mm

  8. CONSTRUCTION OF VAULT • Secant Walls for Cut-and Cover Support • Lower Strength Secondary Wall Elements Secant Walls Vault with Pipeline Backfill

  9. PURPOSE OF TESTS • Validate Design Approach • Assess Relative Movement of Segments • Understand Interaction Between Vault & Secant Pile Walls • Evaluate Joint Effects on Vault Performance • Assess Effects of EPS Fill Between Secant Wall and Vault

  10. 3-D VIEW OF TEST SET UP

  11. CORNELL TESTS • 1/10 th Scale • Test Basin: • 13 m Long • 3.2 m Wide • 2.1 m Deep

  12. CONCRETE TEST SEGMENTS 1 m = 3.28 ft 25. 4 mm = 1 in.

  13. SCALING RELATIONSHIPS Joint Rotation Joint Stiffness

  14. INSTRUMENTATION • 6 Degrees of Freedom at Each Segment • Accurate to 0.25 mm • LVDT/DCDT, Temposonic Sensors, Lasers • ~ 120 Measurements per Displacement Episode • Tactile Force Sensors • High Resolution Video Cameras

  15. Tactile Force Pressure Sensors 50 X 40 cm plan dimensions

  16. FACTORS AFFECTING VAULT DEFORMATION • Location of Vault Joint Relative to Fault • Joint Rotational Stiffness • Nature of Backfill Between Vault and Secant Pile Wall

  17. FAULT LOCATION VS VAULT JOINT • Fault Centered on Joint • Vault Deformation Closest to Fault • Greatest Joint Rotation • Fault Centered on Vault • Vault Deformation Farthest from Fault • Smallest Joint Rotation

  18. Pretest Block Layout 50 deg South  S4 S3 S2 N3 N2 N1 C S1 N4  North EPS particles with soil cover

  19. 1 m offset 50 deg South   North

  20. 2 m offset 50 deg South   North

  21. 3 m offset 50 deg South   North

  22. 5 m offset 50 deg South   North

  23. Pretest Block Layout 50 deg South  S4 S3 S2 N3 N2 N1 C S1 N4  North EPS particles with soil cover

  24. 1 m offset 50 deg South   North

  25. 2 m offset 50 deg South   North

  26. LATERAL PRESSURES • With Soil Backfill • 10-15% Max Passive Pressure at 2m of prototype fault offset

  27. LATERAL PRESSURES • With EPS • < 1% Max Passive Pressure at 2m of prototype fault offset

  28. HEAVE AT FAULT • Small to Moderate Heave Affected by Joint Stiffness Flexible Joint Stiff Joint

  29. ROTATION OF JOINT AT FAULT Stiff Joint Flexible Joint

  30. VAULT COMPRESSION • Compressive Shortening 4-5 Segments from Fault • Joint Closure Contact 3-4 Segments from Fault • Joint Contact Never Observed at Ends of Vault

  31. NEES TESTING FOR SFPUC • Continuous Design, Fabrication, and Testing over 9 Months to Support Actual • Successful Confirmation of Design Concept • Important Insights Regarding Behavior

  32. EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE AND REHABILITATION OF CRITICAL LIFELINES Split Box • Substantial Industry Involvement • Insituform Technologies, Inc. • LADWP, SFPUC, EBMUD • Center for Advanced Microelectronics Mnfg. Dual Shake Tables Flexible Electronics

  33. COLLABORATION WITH INDUSTRY • Chevron Phillips • Consolidated Edison • Corning, Inc. • Exxon Mobil • Insituform Technologies • Gas Technology Institute • Los Angeles Department of Water and Power • Northeast Gas Assoc. • San Francisco Public Utility • Tekscan • Tokyo Gas, Ltd • ULC Robotics

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