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ACIDS AND BASES

ACIDS AND BASES. SECTION 10.1 . ACIDS Taste sour No “feeling” (like water) Turn litmus paper red Phenolphthalein remains colorless React with metals to produce H 2 gas React with carbonates to produce CO 2 gas pH is less than 7 . BASES Taste bitter Feel slippery

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ACIDS AND BASES

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  1. ACIDS AND BASES SECTION 10.1

  2. ACIDS Taste sour No “feeling” (like water) Turn litmus paper red Phenolphthalein remains colorless React with metals to produce H2 gas React with carbonates to produce CO2 gas pH is less than 7 BASES Taste bitter Feel slippery Turn litmus paper blue Phenolphthalein turns pink No reaction with metals No reaction with carbonates pH is greater than 7 A comparison of acids and bases

  3. LITMUS TEST Turns RED in ACID Turns BLUE in BASES

  4. The pH scale • pH = power of Hydrogen • Measure of acidity/ basicity

  5. pH scale

  6. pH scale

  7. Definition of Acids and Bases ARRHENIUS’S THEORY An acid is a substance that dissociates (splits up) in water produce a H1+ ion Ex: HCl(aq) H1+(aq) + Cl 1-(aq) A base is a substance that dissociates (splits up) in water to produce the OH1- (hydroxide ion) Ex: NaOH(aq) Na 1+(aq) + OH1-(aq)

  8. PROBLEMS WITH ARRHENIUS’S THEORY • Can’t explain why NH3 is a base because it doesn’t dissociate into OH1- ion • H+ do not hang around in solution • They actually attach to water to produce the H3O1+ ion • Ex: HCl(aq) + H2O(l)H3O1+(aq)+ Cl1-(aq) • Ex: NH3 (aq) + H2O(l) NH41+(aq) + OH1-(aq)

  9. BRONSTED- LOWRY THEORY • An acid is a H+ donor • Ex: HCl(aq) + H2O(l)H3O1+(aq)+ Cl1-(aq) • A base is an H+ acceptor • NH3 (aq) + H2O(l) NH4 1+(aq) + OH1-(aq) • Water ACTS as an acid or a base • Depends on the situation • H2O(l) + H2O(l)H3O1+(aq) + OH1-(aq)

  10. BRONSTED- LOWRY • An acid is a PROTON (H+) DONOR/LOSER • A base is a PROTON (H+) ACCEPTOR

  11. CONJUGATE ACID- BASE PAIRS • two molecules/ ions that are related by the transfer of a H+ (proton)

  12. CONJUGATE BASE • the compound that remains behind after an acid has lost its H+ • Ex: HCl(aq) + H2O(l)H3O1+(aq)+ Cl1-(aq) A BCACB CONJUGATE ACID/ BASE PAIR CONJUGATE ACID/ BASE PAIR

  13. CONJUGATE ACID • the compound that forms after a base accepts a H+ ion CONJUGATE ACID/ BASE PAIR • Ex: Br1-(aq)+ H2O(l)HBr(aq)+ OH1-(aq) B ACACB CONJUGATE ACID/ BASE PAIR

  14. EXAMPLES • For each of the following, label the conjugate-acid base pairs • NH3(aq) + H2O(l) NH41+(aq)+ OH1-(aq) • H2SO4(aq) + H2O(l) HSO41-(aq)+ H3O1+(aq) • H3PO4(aq) + H2O(l) H2PO41-(aq)+ H3O1+(aq) • H2PO41-(aq) + H2O(l) HPO42-(aq)+ H3O1+(aq)

  15. HOMEWORK • READ section 10.1 (up to strong and weak acids and bases) • Page 457 # 1-6

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