WP 3: “ Urban logistics practices – Case Study Paris ” Peru workshop 19.10.2010 Laetitia Dablanc

1. Grant agreement no.: 234061 Coordination and support actions (Coordinating) Activity code:SST.2008.3.1.4.: Urban freight delivery systems WP 3:“Urban logistics practices – Case Study Paris”Peru workshop19.10.2010Laetitia Dablanc

2. Outline • Outline of the presentation • General presentation of Paris and France • FRETURB surveys and model • Paris policies: four urban freight good practices • Lessons learnt

3. Overview of Paris and France Map of municipal GDPs in France Poulit, 2003

4. Paris: 105 km², 2.2 million inhabitants, 1.6 million jobs, population density 21,000/km2 • Ile-de-France region: 12,000 km², 11.8 million inhabitants, 5.5 million jobs, population density 1000/km2 • France: 550 km2, 62 million inhabitants, population density 112/km2, 77% population is urban • France’s GDP ranks fifth in the world but only18 in the World Bank 2007 Global Logistics Index (which includes Customs, Logistics Infrastructure, Ease of International Shipments, Providers, Tracking and Tracing Capabilities, Domestic Logistics Costs, Timeliness)

5. PARIS ECONOMY • Specific compared to the rest of France: Paris concentrates high level services to businesses, high level administration services, high level research and education • Retail and tourism have an important share of the Paris’ economy • Paris’ GDP is €150 billion, the GDP per capita is 120% higher than the country • About 25,000 industrial establishments employing 110,000 people, printing-publishing being 40% of Paris’ total industrial jobs and garment and leather industries 23%

7. Logistics Sprawl • The average distance of terminals to their barycenter has increased from 6 to 16 km from 1974 to 2008 • While the average distance of jobs to their barycenter has increased by 2 km • This has generated an addition of 15,000 net tons of CO2/year

8. Main reference: Laboratoire d’Economie des Transports, Lyon FRETURB urban freight model New surveys started in Fall 2010: Paris region, Bordeaux, Marseille New insights: - Carbon footprint assessments - Household shopping trips with private cars - Home deliveries, e-commerce Freturb Urban Goods Movement (UGM) surveys in France: looking at the RECEIVER

9. Source: J.L. Routhier Observation unit : the “movement”: delivery/pick-up • Establishments survey • (4 to 5,000 establishments surveyed) • Drivers survey • (2,200 tours monitored) • - Which type of vehicle, • - Weight, packaging, type of products, • Delivery round or direct delivery? • Route, schedules, etc. • How many deliveries and pick-ups a week • Which logistic organisation (own account, for hire) Movements, traffic and parking time generation per zone

11. Logistic profiles for each economic sector are very similar across cities: little policy leverage! Freight vehicles occupy 10 to 15% of street space In average, there is one delivery or pick up per week per job in an urban area (France) This average ratio can be declined into specific ratios (0.2 to 8) for each economic sector Ratios do not vary much according to the size, type or location of a city Goods movements are the result of logistics decisions made by economic agents

12. Source: J.L. Routhier FRETURB: a model built on empirical data Standard data: results of UGM establishments and drivers surveys Indicators on the logistics behavior of various economic sectors Local data Local results Business register - Freight demand (establishments) FRETURB Model - Road occupancy Geographic data (land uses, network) - Energy consumption - Pollution and GHG

13. Paris Urban Freight Policy • Objective: alleviate the environmental impacts of freight traffic, mainly related to local pollutants and CO2 • while recognising freight transport as an asset for the economic vitality of Paris: focus on innovations in city logistics, so as to provide Paris businesses with a choice of efficient and environmentally-friendly solutions for their urban supply chain • A freight strategy which is served by a “policy-mix” of various and mostly interconnected measures • Most measures revolve around a recentralised logistics system: logistics activities should find space and facilities within the Paris urban area

14. Four Good Practices • Chronopost Concorde • La Petite Reine cargocycles • Freight in Land Use Plan • Monoprix Freight Train

15. Chronopost Concorde Before Now

16. Impact assessment of Chronopost Concorde Over a six month period:

17. La Petite Reine cargocycles • Electrically assisted cargocycles • Each cargocycle can carry about 180 kg of freight in its 1,400 liter container • Subcontractor for major parcel transport companies or goods producers (Dannon) • Each day, 3000 business or home locations are served by the 40 drivers of La Petite Reine • Located in two Urban Logistic Spaces: one in an underground parking close to the Louvre museum since 2003 and another in an underground parking on the left bank since 2010

18. Impact assessment of La Petite Reine • Over a twelve month period: • avoided 600,000 tonnes-km made by vans in Paris • avoided emissions of 203 tonnes of CO2 and 84 kilos of particles

19. The Monoprix rail experiment in Paris • 90 Monoprix supermarkets supplied by rail since 2007 • Trains arrive in a renovated freight terminal close to the center of Paris • CNG trucks for the final distribution • The scheme generates a saving of 235 tons of CO2 every year • But also an additional 35% in transport costs

20. Freight oriented Land Use Master Plan • Compulsory to integrate a delivery area into new industrial and commercial buildings of 500 m² • Specific land-use areas reserved for logistics activities with access to rail • Thirteen “part-time transit ports” along the Seine: these areas may be used at certain times to tranship goods from a boat to a delivery vehicle, then resume normal uses (promenade) for the rest of the day

22. Barriers, lessons learnt, transferability • A freight-oriented policy is complex to implement and it is a long process • Hire a “Mr. (or Ms.) Freight” and set up a consultation process (Freight Forum) • Important publicity and media attention: inviting the press, residents’ and environmental groups to events related to Paris freight policy such as the inauguration of an Urban Logistics Space • Very important are the structural policies: land use planning, regulation, enforcement

23. Experiments of Urban Logistics Spaces such as Chronopost Concorde and La Petite Reine are transferable to another city meeting the following conditions: strong political commitment, strong cooperation between the private and the public sectors, ability to provide convenient well-located logistics areas with minimum size and safety standards, willingness to set a low level of rent

24. The integration of logistics land uses into a Land Use Plan is transferable to another city meeting the following conditions: strong political commitment, strong cooperation between the private and the public sectors, availability of space that can be dedicated to logistics activities: brownfields and former industrial zones, under-utilised freight train stations or commercial ports

25. An experiment such as the Monoprix freight train demonstrates the challenges of developing freight rail transport in urban areas: it requires large logistics facilities connected to the railway network, one or several retailing companies that have a minimum volume of goods to be delivered daily to the city, a competitive railway industry