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Lecture 1, Part 2: Introduction to Anatomical Directions and Orientation

Lecture 1, Part 2: Introduction to Anatomical Directions and Orientation. Anatomical Position. Hands at sides Palms facing forward Feet together Front view (anterior) Back view (posterior) Pg. 16 Figure 1-6. http://www.emergencymedicaled.com/images/Anatomical%20Position.gif.

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Lecture 1, Part 2: Introduction to Anatomical Directions and Orientation

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  1. Lecture 1, Part 2: Introduction to Anatomical Directions and Orientation

  2. Anatomical Position • Hands at sides • Palms facing forward • Feet together • Front view (anterior) • Back view (posterior) • Pg. 16 Figure 1-6 http://www.emergencymedicaled.com/images/Anatomical%20Position.gif

  3. Anatomical Position – Supine vs. Prone • Supine – • Lying with the front or face and hands facing upward • Prone – • Lying with the front or face and hands facing downward

  4. A. Directional Terminology • Superior (cephalic or cranial) vs. Inferior (caudal) • Anterior (ventral) vs. Posterior (dorsal) • Lateral vs. Medial (mesial) • Proximal vs. Distal • Superficial vs. Deep Pg. 19 Table 1-3!!!

  5. Superficial vs. Deep • Superficial – • Toward or at the body surface • Deep – • Away from the body surface http://www.med.mun.ca/anatomy/media/overview/Comp3.jpg

  6. Anatomical Planes/Sections • Frontal (coronal) – divides the body into anterior/posterior parts • Transverse (horizontal) – divides the body into superior/inferior parts • Also known as a cross-section

  7. Anatomical Planes/Sections • Sagittal – divides the body into right and left parts • Midline

  8. Anatomical Directions Lab • Lab report is due in one week!! • Please follow the protocol given to you and make sure you have drawings or pictures with labels. • YES…you may use your cell phone to take pictures!!

  9. Major Body Cavities & Structures • Cavity – hollow area within the body • Two Major Cavities: • Dorsal • Cranial Cavity – pg. 207 • Vertebral Cavity – pg. 224 • Ventral: houses a group of internal organs (viscera); subdivided into: • Thoracic Cavity – ribs and chest • Abdominal Cavity – directly below the diaphragm • Pelvic Cavity – below Abdominal Cavity

  10. Cranial cavity Vertebral cavity Superior mediastinum Thoracic cavity (contains heart and lungs) Pleural cavity Pericardial cavity within the mediastinum Diaphragm Ventral body cavity (thoracic and abdomino- pelvic cavities) Abdominal cavity (contains digestive viscera) Abdomino- pelvic cavity Key: Pelvic cavity (contains bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum) Dorsal body cavity Ventral body cavity (b) Anterior view Anterior VIEW of Body Cavities Figure 1.9b

  11. Abdominopelvic REGIONS Epi= upon Hypo= low Chondri= cartilage Iliac= hip Gastric = stomach

  12. The 11 Body Systems Integumentary System Skeletal System Muscular System Nervous System Endocrine System Cardiovascular System Lymphatic System Respiratory System Digestive System Urinary System Reproductive System Pages 143-149

  13. Day 1 Integumentary & Skeletal Systems Integumentary System Skeletal System

  14. Day 1 Muscular & Nervous Systems Muscular System Nervous System

  15. Day 1 Endocrine & Cardiovascular Systems Endocrine System Cardiovascular System

  16. Day 1 Lymphatic & Respiratory Systems Lympathic System Respiratory System

  17. Day 1 Digestive & Urinary Systems Digestive System Urinary System

  18. Day 1 Reproductive System Male Reproductive System Female Reproductive System

  19. D. Clinical Terminology • Read “Sectional Anatomy and Clinical Technology” pgs. 12-14 in A & P Applications Manual. • Radiography – • Film records (radiographs) of internal structures of the body made by electromagnetic radiation (X-rays, gamma rays, radio waves) passing through the body to act on special film • CT/CAT (computerized axial tomography) – • Imaging technique that uses X-rays to reconstruct the body’s 3-D structure CT/CAT scanning machine

  20. Day 1 D. Clinical Terminology • PET (position emission tomography) – • Imaging technique that shows the chemical functioning and structure of organs • MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) – • Imaging technique that uses a magnetic field and radio waves to show subtle structure differences • Ultrasound – • Imaging technique that uses brief bursts of high-frequency sound waves reflected by internal structures PET scan of 20-yr old’s brain Fetal ultrasound

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