Eric Schulz Mentors: Ed Hinck and Chris Owens Central Michigan University

1. The Art of Address:A Daoist Analysis of the Inaugural Addressesof Chen Shui-bian and Ma Ying-jeou Eric Schulz Mentors: Ed Hinck and Chris Owens Central Michigan University Political Science and Communication McNair Scholars Program

2. Taiwan’s 2008 Elections • Ma Ying-jeou elected new president of Taiwan in 2008 • Ma’s campaign focused on better relations with China • Since elected, Ma has fostered cooperation with China and warmed relations • Improvements are a change from the relations that existed during the administration of the previous president, Chen Shui-bian Above: Ma with the KMT flag

3. Cross-Strait Relationship:Chen vs. Ma • Presidential inaugural addresses in Taiwan lay the groundwork for the new administration’s cross-Strait relationship with the PRC • Key similarities and differences in the foreign policies of Chen Shui-bian (above left) and Ma Ying-jeou (above right) are found in their inaugural addresses • “Political language is political reality”(Murray Edelman)

4. Chinese Civil War • Civil War between Kuomintang (KMT) and Communist Party (CCP) • Military Height of Civil War in 1949 as KMT forced to flee to Taiwan with 2 million followers China Taiwan

5. The Cross-Strait Dilemma • China (above left) and Taiwan (above right) disagree about the status of Taiwan’s statehood • The PRC believes there is “one China” and Taiwan is a part of the “greater Chinese” state • Previous president, Chen Shui-bian, and the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) lean toward independence • New president, Mr. Ma, and the Kuomintang (KMT) support the status quo

6. Taiwan’s Foreign Policy • Taiwan government a de facto independent, democratic system • Presidents in Taiwan are very influential when it comes to cross-Strait relations and policy • Before any major decision, the democratic government in Taiwan needs the support of the electorate • Ex. 2008 referendum on UN bid (right: UN flag)

7. Research on Public Opinion (cont.) • Foreign Policy Preference • Majority favor the status quo (SQ) and deciding the issue later • Taiwan’s population are rational actors, so both immediate independence and immediate reunification are unpopular

8. The Art of Address • Inaugural addresses of Chen (2000) and Ma (2008) • “Public discourse reflects the philosophical presumptions, as well as the structure, of the state in which it is found” (Campbell and Jamieson 2008) • Classic Chinese and Daoist text, Sun-tzu’s Art of War, provides insight into Chinese principles of conflict and rhetoric • Knowledge • Strategy • Responsiveness • Study uses hybrid methodology that is both Eastern-Western and Democratic-Daoist

9. Conclusions and Findings • Chen’s address more closely resembles the generic style that Campbell and Jamieson have derived from U.S. inaugurals • Ma’s address fulfills a Daoist interpretation of the inaugural address and follows many principles found within Sun-tzu’s Art of War • Harmony benefits all actors—Decisions may result in greater outcomes if individuals adhere to the ideas and strategies found within Daoism • Daoism and Art of War are useful tools in rhetorical analysis and foreign policy decision-making

10. Questions? The Art of Address: A Daoist Analysis of the Inaugural Addresses of Chen Shui-bian and Ma Ying-jeou