MOTHER BOARD

1. Mother Board MOTHER BOARD Holds CPU, memory, PCI bays, etc

2. Mother Board MOTHER BOARD Modern motherboards include, at a minimum: • Sockets in which one or more processors are installed • Slots into which the system's main memory is installed (typically in the form of DIMM modules containing DRAM chips) • A chipset which forms an interface between the CPU's front-side bus, main memory, and peripheral buses • Non-volatile memory chips (usually Flash ROM in modern motherboards) containing the system's firmware or BIOS • A clock generator which produces the system clock signal to synchronize the various components • Slots for expansion cards (these interface to the system via the buses supported by the chipset) • Power connectors, which receive electrical power from the computer power supply and distribute it to the CPU, chipset, main memory, and expansion cards

3. Mother Board MOTHER BOARD • Connectors to support commonly-used input devices, such as PS/2 connectors for a mouse and keyboard. • Minimal peripheral support on the motherboard. Typically video and network interface hardware is also integrated into the motherboard • I/O ports like Serial, Parallel and USB and their associated driver chips • Disk controller, typically SATA disk controller, for Hard Disk and CD/DVD Drives • Given the high thermal design power of high-speed computer CPUs and components, modern motherboards nearly always include heat sinks and mounting points for fans to dissipate excess heat.

4. CD/DVD CD/DVD Drive • CD (Compact Disk)    • Capacity is 700 to 800 MB • Optical storage device. Data is read from CD by a laser. • Stores data as light and dark spots on the disk surface. • They have an unlimited life-span. • RO, R & RW CDs • I/O Rate is Nx where 1x is 150KB/s, Read & Write speeds are not same, upto 52x speeds available • DVD  (Digital Video Disk) • 4.7 GB • RO, R & RW DVDs • I/O Rate is Nx where 1x is 1.35MB/s, Read & Write speeds are not same, upto 20x speeds available • Blu Ray • Upto 50 GB • User Blue Laser

5. QUESTIONS?

6. Adapters Adaptors (Expansion Cards) • Use PCI Bus - Peripheral Components Interconnect (32 /64bit, Data Transfer Rate: 133 MB/s) • Mini PCI – used in laptops, 32 Bit, 33 MHz • PCI Express – Replacing PCI, 32/64 Bit, Data Transfer Rate: 8 GB/s • Adapters (Often Integrated on Motherboard) • Video • Sound • Network Interface Card (NIC) • Modem • TV Tuner

7. Power Supply Power Supply • SMPS (Switched Mode Power Supply) • AC mains input is converted to DC voltage which feeds the Motherboard, drives and other devices. • ATX (Advanced Technology Extended) • Generally 90 - 250 watts

8. Display DISPAY • CRT ( Cathode Ray Tube) • Electron Gun & Florescent Screen • Single Gun for Monochrome and 3 Guns for Colour Screen • LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) • About blocking light when not needed • TFT LCD (Thin Film Transistor LCD) • 19” in Desktop and 15” in Laptops • Power Consumption • CRT – 110 watt • LCD – 30-40 watt • Colour Depth: 65,000 colours, 24 million colours • Resolution: 1024x768, 1280x1024, 1600x1200

9. Keyboard KEYBOARD • 101-key Enhanced keyboard • 104-key Windows keyboard, 3 more keys. • Press the Key - Detect the position on the key matrix (16 bytes)

10. Mouse MOUSE • Mechanical • Use two rollers (one vertical and one horizontal) to track motion • Rolled by the Track ball • Optical • Use a tiny camera to tracking the motion • LED (red light beamer) • IntelliMouse • Extra wheel

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12. NIC Network Interface • 10/100 or 10/100/1000 Integrated Ethernet Network Interface • Servers may have multiple Network Interfaces • 802.11 a/b/g/n Wireless Interface in Laptops in addition to wired Ethernet Network Interface

13. I/O Ports I/O Ports • Serial port (Com port) • One bit at a time -- Uses thin cable • Parallel port • Parallel because it can move a whole byte at a time • Mainly used for connection to a printer • Universal Serial Bus (USB) replaces those • 4 wires (2 for power & 2 for communication) • Upto 60 MB/s • USB Pen Drives, Printers, External Disks, Drives etc.

14. Printers Printers Peripheral for printing • LaserJet (Mono & Colour) • Inkjet (Colour) • Dot Matrix • Line • Multifunction Printers

15. BIOS BIOS • BIOS is an acronym that stands for Basic Input/Output System. • BIOS refers, in part, to the firmware code (a type of boot loader) run by a PC when first powered on. • The primary function of the BIOS is to identify and initialize system component hardware such as the video display card, hard disk, and floppy disk and some other hardware devices. • This is to prepare the machine into a known low capability state, so other software programs stored on various media can be loaded, executed, and given control of the PC. • BIOS Setup allows to set the boot sequence and system date and time among other things.

16. Computer Assembly Computer Assembly • In India Computers are assembled in factory although all the major components like the motherboard, CPU, Hard Disk, RAM DIMMs, CD/DVD Drives, Keyboard, Mouse, TFT Displays etc. are all imported. • The computer system is run through a process of Quality assurance which includes a burn test and functional testing. • The Operating system may be preloaded or reloaded by the customer.

17. Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Some of the typical problems faced in Computers which could be related to hardware issues are: • No power in the system • System not booting • System boots with beep sounds • System Reboots repeatedly • System has a humming sound • System boots with a blue screen • System displays non system boot disk message when booted • System does not boot with a CD/DVD disk • Monitor does not receive signal from the computer To troubleshoot a problem, experience is commonly used to generate possible causes of the symptoms. Determining which cause is most likely is often a process of elimination - eliminating potential causes of a problem.

18. QUESTIONS?