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How did Nation States Develop in Europe?

This text discusses the development of absolute monarchies in Europe, with a focus on Louis XIV, also known as the Sun King. It explores the factors that strengthened royal power, the goals of absolute monarchies, and the impact of Louis XIV's reign on France.

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How did Nation States Develop in Europe?

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  1. How did Nation States Develop in Europe?

  2. Vocabulary • Monarch- single ruler who inherits throne • Absolute Monarch- Monarch with total power • Autocrat- (self ruler) one person rules • Divine Right- monarch gets their power and authority from God

  3. Nation Defined • A group of people occupying the same country • Same government • Same language • Patriotism (nationalism)

  4. need for law and order Middle Class grows cities grow trade grows

  5. Factors Strengthening Royal Power • Crusades- weakened feudal lords and church • Gunpowder- weakened knights and need for feudalism • Church- Reformation reduced power • King became a symbol of national unity

  6. Absolute Monarchies • Complete control over • Chief Lawmaker • Chief Judge • Chief Executive • Head of State

  7. Absolute Monarchies • FIVE GOALS: • Subjugate the nobility. Do not allow nobles to share or interfere with the king’s power. • Build a giant government to extend the king’s authority to every corner of the country. • Collect more taxes to pay for government and military. • Build up a large standing army to defend country and intimidate the king’s subjects. • Establish religious uniformity which endorses rule of the king.

  8. REVIEW • How was trade upset by the nobles? • Why would separate legal systems be a problem?

  9. Examples of Absolute Monarchies • England • France • Hapsburgs Empire • Russia • Spain

  10. Reading: Louis XIV • pronounced LOO ee, LOO ihs, or pronounced lwee (1638-1715), was king of France for 72 years, the longest reign in modern European history. He was called "Dieudonne" ("God-given"), "Grand Monarch," or "Louis the Great." Louis was an outstanding example of the absolute monarch. He reportedly boasted, "L'etat c'est moi" ("I am the State"). These words express the spirit of a reign in which the king claimed the highest political authority. Louis chose the sun as his royal emblem, and he liked to be called Le roi-soleil (The Sun King). Under Louis XIV, France ranked above all other European nations in art, literature, war, and statesmanship.

  11. Reading: Louis XIV • Louis was born at St.-Germain-en-Laye, France. He succeeded his father, Louis XIII, when he was only 4 years old. Louis XIV's mother, Anne of Austria, ruled on his behalf until 1651. She had great influence even after her son was declared old enough to rule. Cardinal Mazarin, Louis's godfather, served as chief minister.

  12. Reading: Louis XIV • When Mazarin died in 1661, Louis declared that he would be his own chief minister. He had received a thorough education for kingship. Mazarin had taught him to choose wise counselors. The greatest of Louis's ministers was Jean Baptiste Colbert. Colbert reorganized French finance and promoted economy and industry. • Louis supported writers and artists and played a part in the growth of French literature. Historians often describe his long reign as "the Century of Louis XIV."

  13. Reading: Louis XIV • Louis fought four major wars. His great aim was to make himself supreme in Europe. In the first three wars, fought between 1667 and 1697, Louis hoped to recapture all lands that had ever been under French rule. He gained important territories, but his aggressive moves led other countries to form alliances against him. In the fourth war, the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714), Louis fought to protect his grandson Philip V's right to be king of Spain. The War of the Spanish Succession left France exhausted.

  14. Reading: Louis XIV • Louis married Maria Theresa of Spain in 1660, but he was more attracted to mistresses. The most important mistress was Madame de Maintenon. He secretly married her after Maria Theresa died in 1683. Madame de Maintenon approved of Louis's harsh treatment of the French Protestants, who were called Huguenots. Since 1598, the Huguenots had enjoyed religious toleration and privileges under the Edict of Nantes. In 1685, Louis revoked this edict. The government persecuted the Huguenots savagely in an effort to compel them to change their religion. Many thousands of Huguenots fled the country. Those who left included numerous craftworkers and business people.

  15. Reading: Louis XIV • After 1685, Louis's reign was less glorious than in earlier years. Colbert, who died in 1683, could not prevent the king from fighting wars and plunging the country into debt. Louis built a magnificent palace at Versailles, where he and his court lived in luxury. To prevent uprisings among the nobles, Louis made them live at the palace at Versailles, and serve him personally. They continued to attend the king until his death in 1715. Louis was succeeded by Louis XV, his great-grandson.

  16. Review Questions Review Questions • In what ways was France exhausted after the Spanish war of succession? • How did the leaving of several thousand Huguenots hurt France? • Why do you think making some of the nobles of France live at Versailles was a mistake? • What advantages are there to having a single ruler? • Do you feel the right to govern (rule) should come from the people? Explain why or why not.

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