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MODIS-derived Surface Temperature of the Great Salt Lake

Erik Crosman and John Horel Department of Meteorology University of Utah Erik.Crosman@utah.edu 10 th International Conference on Salt Lake Research and Friends of the Great Salt Lake Issues Forum 16 May 2008. MODIS-derived Surface Temperature of the Great Salt Lake. ESSF Fellowship.

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MODIS-derived Surface Temperature of the Great Salt Lake

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  1. Erik Crosman and John Horel Department of Meteorology University of Utah Erik.Crosman@utah.edu 10th International Conference on Salt Lake Research and Friends of the Great Salt Lake Issues Forum 16 May 2008 MODIS-derived Surface Temperature of the Great Salt Lake ESSF Fellowship

  2. Making My Trip Carbon Neutral: Priceless ($0.00) • I LIVE HERE • CONFERENCE

  3. Great Salt Lake Surface Temperature (LST) Applications • Hydrology (C. Angeroth) • Brine shrimp (T. Jones, M. Hafezieh) • Waterbirds (J. Vest) • Selenium cycling (W. Johnson, X. Diaz, K. Beisner, G. Dicataldo, D. Naftz, M. Brooks) • Algal communities (W. Wurtsbaugh and S. Bradt) • Mixing/upwelling particulates (D.Fernandez) • Weather (lake-effect) and climate (E. Crosman) ut.water.usgs.gov

  4. Lake Temperature and Meteorology Lake-effect snowstorm Temperature Lake Temperature Land Lake breeze front MODIS Skin Temperature

  5. ASTER(Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer)Lake Surface Temp26 May 20051820 UTC

  6. MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) vs. ASTERLake Surface Temperature 100 m resolution 1000 m resolution

  7. MODIS-derived Lake Surface Temperature (LST) • Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) thermal IR imagery • Split-window land surface temperature algorithm (Wan, 2008) • 1 km resolution • Thermal emission from lake surface • Period of record 2000-2007 • 4 times daily • Terra overpass at noon and midnight • Aqua overpass at 3 pm and 3 am • Clouds limit observations

  8. Satellite Validation Sites R. Baskin (USGS) Gunnison Bay Bathymetry Analysis Thanks to W. Wurtsbaugh and A. Marcarelli (Utah State), W. Johnson and K. Beisner (U of U), R. Baskin (USGS).

  9. Validation of MODIS LST MODIS – in situ = -1.5 °C 1050 match-ups over 16 months! No differences between day/night or time of year

  10. MODIS Lake Surface Temperature (LST) Climatology 2000-2007 • Effect of forcing mechanisms on LST • Monthly and seasonal LST • Annual LST cycle • Day-night LST differences • Interannual LST variations

  11. Spatial Variability in LST : Forcing Mechanisms 3 PM 24 May 2005 MODIS True Color (1) Lower water clarity (2) Freshwater lens (3) Gyre (4) Upwelling

  12. Freshwater LensSalinity data courtesy of D. Naftz (USGS) Surface temperature 13 May 2005 2220 UTC MODIS true color 1855 UTC

  13. Rapid Changes in LST: 24 Hours of MODIS 24-25 May 2005 12 pm 3 pm 12 am 3 am

  14. Determining Day-night Lake Temperature Difference 24-25 May 2005 3 pm Day 3 am Night

  15. 2000-2007 Average seasonal day-night temperature differences

  16. Annual cycle = 27 °C Spatial variability = 1 °C Monthly Lake Temperature Climatology 2000-2007

  17. Average Fall Temperature GSL Bathymetry Map Baskin and Allen, 2006

  18. MODIS LST Annual Cycle Solid line = 2000-2007 MODIS LST Dashed line = 1972-1989 Salt Air Boat Harbor USGS 1-2 x month bucket samples

  19. LST Annual Cycle Application Determining when lake and atmospheric temperature are both favorable for lake-effect snow.

  20. Interannual Anomalies in Fall LST(Individual year – 2000-2007 mean) 2003 2000 2001 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007

  21. Summary • MODIS provides high spatial and temporal resolution GSL LST. • MODIS-derived climatology of GSL LST 2000-2007. • Effects of various forcing mechanisms (water clarity, freshwater lens, upwelling, etc) have been documented. • Data is available for scientists interested in studying the effect of LST variations on the greater GSL environment.

  22. MODIS Surface Temperature Available Globally (((Mildrexler et al. 2006) Aral Sea Caspian Sea Dead Sea

  23. Future Work • NSF Research Project: “Lake Breeze System of the Great Salt Lake” (2008-2010) led by John Horel • Use MODIS and ASTER land skin temperature

  24. The End

  25. 26 May 2005 1820 UTC MODIS True Color (Bands 1,4,3 ASTER Temperature

  26. 24 hours of MODIS LST Imagery24 May 2005 3 pm 12 pm 3 am 12 am

  27. Variable Mixing Cooler water noted in regions where winds were stronger 10 March 1839 UTC 2112 UTC

  28. Effect of Spring Runoff on LST June 2005 Effect of snowmelt 190% average snow water equivalent

  29. Average Spring Temperature

  30. Rapid Response to Atmospheric Forcing 20 C July 9 2006 June 23 2006 July 1 2006 29 C July 23 2006 July 16 2006 July 31 2006

  31. Upwelling Northerly winds Southerly winds

  32. Mono Lake Aral Sea Pyramid Lake USGS FUTURE FIELD STUDY (R. Baskin). Lake Chad Lake Balkhash Salton Sea Other Climatically Sensitive Terminal Lakes

  33. Average Summer Temperature

  34. MesoWest and MODIS

  35. 2000 Lake Level Highest Mean June MODIS Daytime LST 2000-2007 2007 Hottest

  36. Deep water November Temperature patterns related to Lake bathymetry

  37. MesoWest Relative Humidity 2000 High Water

  38. MesoWest Wind Speed m/s MODIS skin surface temperature climatology 2000 High Water 2007 HOT 2004 Low Water

  39. 862 images Jan-June 1075 images July-December 25% more images second half of year

  40. Why Study the Temperature of the Great Salt Lake? 1963 • Lake level, areal extent, salinity, and surface temperature respond to and influence weather and climate around the Lake. • How does lake desiccation influence the weather around the Lake? (e.g., Kahn and Small, Aral Sea) 1985

  41. Winds interacting with bay inflow23 June 2005 Channel 1 reflectance Surface temperature

  42. Average Winter Temperature

  43. Freshwater LensSalinity data courtesy of D. Naftz (USGS) Surface temperature 13 May 2005 2220 UTC MODIS true color 2035 UTC MODIS true color 1855 UTC

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