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Folklore . Oral Narrative. A story that is told, sung, or performed…Oral Narratives can be written down . Historically Speaking…. Help to explain the natural world Help to articulate fears/dreams Provide order to a society
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Oral Narrative • A story that is told, sung, or performed…Oral Narratives can be written down
Historically Speaking… • Help to explain the natural world • Help to articulate fears/dreams • Provide order to a society • Provide understanding of a culture’s values, beliefs, mores, etc. • Entertainment
motif • Smallest meaningful unit of a story
Variant • A deviation from standard text
Cultural Variants Monogenesis Polygenesis • One story created in one location and eventually spread to other cultures orally • Cultures develop similar stories because these stories address needs/desires/etc. that are common to all people
Porquoi tales • Etiological tales…how things come about/to be
Fable • A simple folktale that illustrates an ethical point. • Often features animals but not animal tales • Moral is stated
Animal Tale • A simple story in which animals play a major role • Subgenre: Trickster Tale=animals that play tricks and behave mischievously
Myth Tower of Babel
Tall Tale • A deliberate, exaggerated lie told with a straight face for humorous effect.
Legends • Stories that people tell about events/people that are purportedly real/true. • Told to inform, warn, advise, enlighten • Distinctive beginning • Real World, supernatural, realistic/well rounded characters
Fairytales • Stories that are fictional, created to entertain and sometimes instruct. • 1st collection of tales were collected and published by the Grimm Brothers in 1812 • Distinctive and recognizable beginning and end • Fantasy, supernatural, flat/stereotypical characters
Literary tales • Modern adaptations of traditional folk literature
Sub-genres of Literary tales Traditional Style Fractures • Authors write in the traditional style of folktales or fairytales. • Hans Christian Anderson • Authors create new tales by altering traditional tales • Diane Stanley, John Scieszka, Donna Jo Napoli, Shannon Hale