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Lecture 1: History of Rocketry and the American Space Program

Lecture 1: History of Rocketry and the American Space Program . Marat Kulakhmetov. We choose to go to the moon and do the other things n ot because they are easy but because they are hard. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g25G1M4EXrQ. The Origins.

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Lecture 1: History of Rocketry and the American Space Program

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  1. Lecture 1: History of Rocketry and the American Space Program Marat Kulakhmetov

  2. We choose to go to the moon and do the other things not because they are easy but because they are hard • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g25G1M4EXrQ

  3. The Origins • Concepts required for rocket flight were developed in ancient times. • Archytas Wooden Pigeon • Hero Aeolipile • First true rockets were probably created by Chinese: • Gunpowder fireworks • Fire Arrows (1232 in a battle of Kai-Keng) • Wan-Hu rocket chair

  4. Modern Rocketry • Konstantin Tsiolkovsky • A Russian school teacher developed “The Rocket Equation” and proposed to use rockets for space flight in 1898 • He discovered the advantages of multiple stages • Robert H. Goddard • Published “ A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes” that described sounding rockets • In 1926 he flew the first liquid-propellant rocket that climbed only 12.5 m • He also developed jet vanes, guidance control and many other rocket systems • Dr. Werner Von Braun • Helped Develop the German V-2 Rocket • Was in charge of the American Space Program that lead to the Saturn V rocket

  5. Space Race Sputnik April 12, 1961 Sputnik October 4, 1957

  6. Mercury 1 and 2 • Mercury 1: • November 21, 1960 • Four inch flight, improper launch pad separation • Mercury 1A • Successful spacecraft qualification • Mercury 2: • Jan 31, 1961 • Flown by Ham the Chimp • Besides higher stresses and capsule taking on water Ham Survived

  7. Mercury

  8. Alan Shepard, First American in Space • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FdPlFM6hIIc • From Earth to the Moon

  9. Gemini Titan II

  10. Gemini 4 • First space Walk, “ From The Earth to The Moon” • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryEgx5iOdOA&feature=related

  11. Gemini

  12. Gemini 8, Dealing with Emergencies • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zvWBnkPvqME&feature=related

  13. Apollo • Part 3: Landing The Eagle, “When We Left Earth.” • 51 min

  14. Apollo

  15. Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u1ssw5aJyrk&feature=related

  16. How big is the Saturn V?

  17. Apollo Moon Landings

  18. Sky Lab • When Apollo was canceled, the last Saturn V rocket was used to launch Sky Lab • Performed scientific experiments and observations of Earth and Sun • Although 4 SL mission boost was expected to keep Skylab in orbit until STS (1980s), it actually re-entered in 1979

  19. Space Shuttle • Reusable launch system and orbital spacecraft • Flown in 1981-2011 • Has a crew of 7 • Used to launch satellites, planetary probes, telescopes, ISS, conduct experiments, etc. • The only vehicle capable of returning things from space

  20. Shuttle Launch • Shuttle Takeoff • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zsJpUCWfyPE • Atlantis Landing • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOxZsbyjSb8&feature=related

  21. Shuttle Losses • Challenger – Jan 28, 1986 • Due to cold weather an O-ring failed in flight allowing hot gasses to reach external tank • Columbia – Feb 1, 2003 • On launch an ice fragment separated from the external tank and damaged the thermal protection system • Damaged thermal protection system failed during re-entry

  22. International Space Station (ISS) • Largest space station ever constructed • 1998-2020 • Laboratory, Observatory and servicing station • Partnership between USA Russia, Europe, and Japan • Mean orbit of 173 mi and it needs to be boosted to higher orbit a few times each year

  23. Tour of the ISS • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8rHarp1GEE • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MNQ8s2jnMTc&feature=related

  24. The Constellation Program • Goals: • Replace STS for missions to ISS • Land on the moon by 2020 • Land on mars by 2030 • Components: • Ares I • Ares IV • Orion Spacecraft • Altair Lander (x4.5 than LM)

  25. The Future • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VYaNE49vv9I&feature=channel_video_title

  26. What is in the future?What should US do?What should the humanity do?Why should we go to space?

  27. Who is Werner Von Braun ?

  28. Who is Neil Armstrong

  29. Who is Alan Shepard

  30. Name the first 3 American space programs • Mercury • Gemini • Apollo

  31. Note: • Notes are posted on: http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~mkulakhm/GERI.html

  32. Credits • Dr. Stephen Heister, “Analysis and Design of Chemical Rocket Propulsion Systems,” Purdue University • Mark Hopper, “Throttle Up!,” US Space Camp • “When We Left Earth, ” Discovery Channel • “From Earth To The Moon,” HBO • NASA • Dozens of websites that I took pictures from • Dozens of videos from youtube.

  33. Water Bottle Rocket

  34. Fundamental Geometry • Sin (Angle) = Opposite / Hypotenuse • Cos(Angle) = Adjacent / Hypotenuse • Tan (Angle) =Opposite / Adjacent • H^2 = A ^2 + O^2

  35. Measuring the Height of the Rocket • When we launch the rocket we : • Will know A ( how far we are away from launch pad) • Can measure X (angle from horizon to the rocket • Can calculate O ( height of the rocket) • O = A * Tan (Angle)

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